重氮盐合成实验的改进与拓展  

Improvement and Expansion of Diazonium Salt Synthesis Experiment

作　　者：刘义 雷清云 秦文玉 王珂 李家柱[1] Yi Liu;Qingyun Lei;Wenyu Qin;Ke Wang;Jiazhu Li(College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,Yantai University,Yantai 264005,Shandong Province,China)

机构地区：[1]烟台大学化学化工学院,山东烟台264005

出　　处：《大学化学》2023年第4期284-290,共7页University Chemistry

基　　金：烟台大学教学改革研究项目(jyxm2021014)。

摘　　要：有机化学实验是化学及相关专业学生的重要单列实验课程,其目的在于通过实验教学,使学生训练并掌握有机合成的基本技能,学会正确选择有机化合物的合成、分离、提纯和分析鉴定的方法。“重氮盐的制备及其反应”是有机化学实验课程中的经典实验项目,但在实验过程中发现很多问题,比如浓盐酸刺激性和腐蚀性强、产生强酸性废水、产物稳定性差、须严格控温和产率不稳定等。本项目旨在改进重氮盐的合成方法,提高反应效率和溶剂利用率,优化后处理过程,减少刺激性物质的使用和三废排放,使之更符合教学实验和绿色化学要求;同时,改进后的实验增加了偶氮染料合成和有机波谱表征内容,训练学生通过核磁共振谱和质谱对目标化合物进行表征,通过紫外可见吸收光谱对染料的吸收光谱性质进行研究,更有利于学生综合素质的培养。Organic chemistry experiment is an important course for majoring in chemistry and related fields.Through experiment and laboratory training,students can learn and master the basic skills of organic synthesis and learn to select the correct methods for synthesis,separation,purification,analysis,and identification of organic compounds.“Preparation and Reaction of Diazonium Salts”is a classic experimental project in organic chemistry experimental textbooks but poses several challenges.For example,concentrated hydrochloric acid is corrosive and an irritant,highly acidic wastewater is produced,the product exhibits poor stability and yield,and a strict temperature control is required.This project aims to improve the synthesis method of diazonium salt by optimizing the reaction efficiency,solvent utilization rate,and the post-treatment process,thereby reducing the use of toxic substances and wastewater discharge.The improved experiment is more suitable for use in a teaching environment.Azo dye synthesis and corresponding organic spectroscopy contents are also included in the improved experiment;therefore,students can learn to characterize target compounds using nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectroscopy as well as the absorption properties of dyes,which is more conducive to the cultivation of comprehension quality.

关 键 词：有机合成 重氮盐 偶氮染料 绿色化学 

分 类 号：G64[文化科学—高等教育学] O6[文化科学—教育学]