左翼和“第三种人”“文艺自由”话语的生成与转换  

The Left Wing and the Generation and Transformation of the Discourse of the“Third Class”and“Freedom of Literature and Art”

作　　者：吴述桥 Wu Shuqiao(School of Chinese Language and Literature,Central China Normal University,Wuhan 430079)

机构地区：[1]华中师范大学文学院,湖北武汉430079

出　　处：《华中师范大学学报（人文社会科学版）》2023年第3期143-151,共9页Journal of Central China Normal University:Humanities and Social Sciences

基　　金：国家社会科学基金后期资助项目“‘自由人’‘第三种人’与中国左翼文学”(18ZFW034)。

摘　　要：“第三种人”最初将“文艺自由”放在作家和左翼批评家的对立逻辑中展开。周扬和胡风稍后将文艺的阶级性和真实性联系起来,提出“主题积极性”命题,以艺术真实论拆解“文艺自由”理论根基。“第三种人”则更新己方观点,他们反对限制题材,认为只有“文艺自由”才能保证艺术真实。周扬和胡风将马克思主义对自由和必然的论述挪用到文艺领域,深化了对“文艺自由”的哲学理解,但具体论述并不一致,且对“本质”的理解不尽相同,这是他们论争过程中发生矛盾及引起典型论争的重要原因之一。由于时代和理论局限,双方没能有效回应一些质疑,但关于“文艺自由”的理论对话给马克思主义文艺理论建设带来了一些有益启示。The“third class”initially placed the“freedom of literature and art”in the logic of opposition between writers and left-wing critics.Zhou Yang and Hu Feng later linked the class and authenticity of literature and art,proposed the proposition of“theme enthusiasm”,and dismantled the theorical foundation of“freedom of literature and art”with the theory of artistic authenticity.The“third class”updated their own view.They opposed the restrictions on subject matter and believed that only“freedom of literature and art”could guarantee the authenticity of art.Zhou Yang and Hu Feng appropriated the Marxist discourse on freedom and necessity to the field of literature and art,deepening the philosophical understanding of“freedom of literature and art”,but the specific discussions were not consistent,and the understanding of“essence”was not the same,which was one of the important reasons for the contradictions and typical contentions in the process of their debate.Due to the limitations of the times and theories,both sides have not been able to effectively respond to some doubts,but the theoretical dialogue on“freedom of literature and art”has brought beneficial enlightenment to the construction of Marxist theory of literature and art.

关 键 词：左翼 “第三种人” “文艺自由” 艺术真实 典型论争 

分 类 号：I206.6[文学—中国文学] J120.9[艺术—艺术理论]