东平湖鲢鳙蟹生态渔业模式构建及环境效应研究  

Construction of ecological fishery model for silver carp,bighead carp and Chinese mitten crab and its environmental effects on Dongping Lake

作　　者：高云芳 刘峰 赵金山 闫法军 董俊 李娴 贺志鹏 董文 冷春梅 侯召伟 朱永安 GAO Yun-fang;LIU Feng;ZHAO Jin-shan;YAN Fa-jun;DONG Jun;LI Xian;HE Zhi-peng;DONG Wen;LENG Chun-mei;HOU Zhao-wei;ZHU Yong-an(Fresh Water Fishery Research Institute of Shandong Province,Jinan 250000,China;Dongying Huize Agricultural Technology Co.Ltd.,Dongying 257000,Shandong,China;Tai′an Daxi Fishery Co.Ltd.,Tai′an 271000,Shandong,China)

机构地区：[1]山东省淡水渔业研究院,济南250000 [2]东营市惠泽农业科技有限公司,山东东营257000 [3]泰安大喜渔业有限公司,山东泰安271000

出　　处：《淡水渔业》2023年第3期71-78,共8页Freshwater Fisheries

基　　金：山东省财政支持农业重大应用技术创新项目(SD2019YY002);山东省重点研发计划(2021CXGC010806)。

摘　　要：为探讨东平湖生态渔业模式及环境效应,采用陆基网围实验方法,分别设置4个鲢鳙、3个中华绒螯蟹(简称河蟹)不同放养密度组合,研究不投喂网围综合养殖系统鲢鳙蟹生长、沉积物碳氮磷(STC、STN、STP)积累与环境因子关系。结果显示:(1)本实验条件下鲢鳙、河蟹最佳生长密度分别为0.35 ind/m^(2)、0.30 ind/m^(2)。随鲢鳙放养密度增大,鲢鳙平均体重和成活率显著降低、数量和产量显著上升;随河蟹放养密度增大,鲢鳙平均成活率、数量和产量略有降低,组间差异不显著;河蟹平均体重、数量和产量与鲢鳙、河蟹放养密度均无明显关系,成活率随河蟹放养密度增大显著降低,随鲢鳙放养密度增大略有降低,差异不显著;(2)与生产实践相比,实验E1组收获河蟹成活率提高60.7%、产量提高47.1%、体重降低9.22%,H2组收获鲢鳙成活率、产量、体重平均值分别降低了46.4%、51.8%、8.3%,饵料不足是主要限制因素。(3)系统STC、STN、STP净化平均值分别为(12.02±7.43)mg/g、(0.76±0.42)mg/g、(0.25±0.10)mg/g,STC净化平均值与鲢鳙密度呈极显著负相关、与鲢鳙体重呈显著负相关;STN净化平均值与鲢鳙体重呈显著负相关。(4)每公顷网围能移除水体C 632.07 kg、N 97.09 kg、P 22.74 kg。综上所述,东平湖鲢鳙蟹生态渔业模式兼具生产和生态优势。The land-based enclosure experiment was used to study the relationship between the growth of silver carp,bighead carp and Chinese mitten crab(Hereinafter referred to as the crabs)to explore the ecological fishery model and environmental effects of Dongping Lake.Meanwhile,the accumulation of carbon,nitrogen and phosphorus(STC,STN,STP)in sediments and environmental factors in the integrated culture system without feeding were conducted by setting up different stocking density combinations of four silver carp and bighead carp and three crabs.The results showed that the optimum growth densities of silver carp-bighead carp and crabs were 0.35 ind/m 2 and 0.30 ind/m 2,respectively.The average weight and survival rate of silver carp and bighead carp decreased significantly with the increase in stocking density of silver carp and bighead carp.Meanwhile,the number and yield increased significantly.The average survival rate,quantity and yield of silver carp and bighead carp decreased slightly with the increase of stocking density of crabs,and there was no significant difference between groups.The average weight,quantity and yield of crabs had no significant relationship with stocking density of silver carp-bighead carp and crabs.The survival rate decreased significantly with the increase of stocking density of crabs,and slightly decreased with the increase of stocking density of silver carp and bighead carp.Compared with the production practice,the survival rate of crabs harvested in E1 increased by 60.7%,the yield increased by 47.1%,and the body weight decreased by 9.22%.The survival rate,yield and average body weight of silver carp and bighead carp harvested in H2 decreased by 46.4%,51.8%,and 8.3%,respectively.The lack of food was the main limiting factor.The mean values of STC,STN and STP purification in the system were(12.02±7.43)mg/g,(0.76±0.42)mg/g and(0.25±0.10)mg/g,respectively.The mean values of STC purification was significantly negatively correlated with the density of silver carp and bighead carp and the wei

关 键 词：东平湖 鲢鳙-中华绒螯蟹 生态渔业模式 环境效应 

分 类 号：S964.4[农业科学—水产养殖]