基于改进遗传算法的车车直接通信毫米波喇叭天线研究  

Research on Train-to-Train Direct Communication Millimeter-Wave Horn Antenna Based on Improved Genetic Algorithm

作　　者：高云波[1,2] 马瑞 李翠然[3] 李茂青[1] 王明洁 王宇哲 GAO Yunbo;MA Rui;LI Cuiran;LI Maoqing;WANG Mingjie;WANG Yuzhe(School of Automation and Electrical Engineering,Lanzhou Jiaotong University,Lanzhou Gansu 730070,China;School of Electronics and Information Engineering,Lanzhou Jiaotong University,Lanzhou Gansu 730070,China;Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Technology and Intelligent Control,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou Jiaotong University,Lanzhou Gansu 730070,China)

机构地区：[1]兰州交通大学自动化与电气工程学院,甘肃兰州730070 [2]兰州交通大学光电技术与智能控制教育部重点研究室,甘肃兰州730070 [3]兰州交通大学电子与信息工程学院,甘肃兰州730070

出　　处：《中国铁道科学》2023年第3期213-220,共8页China Railway Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(62161016,52167013);甘肃省自然科学基金资助项目(20JR10RA210);甘肃省科技计划资助项目(20JR10RA273);兰州交通大学—天津大学联合基金资助项目(2022064)。

摘　　要：现有车载天线不适用毫米波通信系统,因此亟须研究适用于车车通信系统的毫米波天线。首先,对比现有喇叭天线的特点,确定圆锥喇叭天线为车载天线,通过等效源法求得天线的远场辐射方向图,根据设计要求确定天线的中心频率和增益;其次,基于传统经验公式和电磁仿真软件HFSS进行建模仿真,得到天线的特性参数,通过仿真结果对比得到喇叭天线的开口直径和波导尺寸对天线电压反射系数的影响;最后,利用改进遗传算法对天线进行结构优化,使得波导尺寸和开口直径参数达到最优。结果表明:在天线主频率下,优化后的天线增益为22.2 dB,电压驻波比为1.01,并有较好的方向性,满足车车直接通信系统中车载天线具有较高增益和较强端射能力的要求。Existing train antenna is not suitable for millimeter wave communication systems,so it is urgent to explore millimeter wave antenna suitable for the train-to-train communication systems.Firstly,by comparing the characteristics among the existing horn antennas,the conical horn antenna is determined as the vehicle antenna.The far field radiation pattern of the antenna is obtained by the equivalent source method,and the center frequency and gain of the antenna are determined according to the design requirements.Secondly,the simulation model is established based on the traditional empirical formula and the electromagnetic simulation software HFSS,and then the characteristic parameters of the antenna are obtained.The influence of the opening diameter and waveguide size of the horn antenna on the reflection coefficients of the antenna voltage is obtained through comparing with the simulation results.Finally,the improved genetic algorithm is used to optimize the structure of the antenna,so that the waveguide size and opening diameter parameters are optimized.The results show that under the main frequency of the antenna,the optimized antenna gain is 22.2 dB,the voltage standing wave ratio is 1.01,revealing good directivity,which meets the requirements of high gain and strong end-fire performance of the train antenna in direct train-to-train communication system.

关 键 词：车车通信 毫米波 喇叭天线 改进遗传算法 

分 类 号：U284.48[交通运输工程—交通信息工程及控制]