水生观赏植物不同种植组合对富营养化水体的净化效果  

Purification effects of different combinations of ornamental aquatic plants on eutrophic water

作　　者：迟明宏 刘敏[1,2] 徐迎春[1,2] 金奇江[1,2] 王小文 王彦杰[1,2] CHI Minghong;LIU Min;XU Yingchun;JIN Qijiang;WANG Xiaowen;WANG Yanjie(Key Laboratory of Landscape Agriculture,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Key Laboratory of Floral Biology in East China,State Forestry and Grassland Administration/Key Laboratory of Flower Biology and Germplasm Creation,College of Horticulture,Nanjing Agricultural University,Nanjing 210095,Jiangsu,China;Sanya Research Institute,Nanjing Agricultural University,Sanya 572024,Hainan,China)

机构地区：[1]南京农业大学园艺学院农业农村部景观农业重点实验室/国家林业与草原局华东地区花卉生物学重点实验室/农业农村部花卉生物学与种质创制重点实验室,江苏南京210095 [2]南京农业大学三亚研究院,海南三亚572024

出　　处：《浙江农林大学学报》2023年第3期636-647,共12页Journal of Zhejiang A&F University

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(U1803104,U2003113);中央高校基本科研业务费资源专项(KYZ202107,KYZ202204);南京农业大学三亚研究院引导资金面上项目(NAUSY-MS04)。

摘　　要：【目的】以适应性较强的挺水、浮水、沉水等观赏植物为试材,研究不同组合的水生观赏植物对不同质量浓度富营养化水体的净化效果。【方法】从2020年4月下旬开始,以挺水植物千屈菜Lythrum salicaria、黄菖蒲Iris pseudacorus、水葱Scirpus validus,浮水植物荇菜Nymphoides peltatum、睡莲Nymphaea tetragon,沉水植物金鱼藻Ceratophyllum demersum进行不同种植组合处理,比较这些组合处理植物在低、中、高3种不同质量浓度(3种实验水体的总磷、总氮、氨态氮、化学需氧量分别为:2.00、0.20、0.67、20.00 mg·L^(-1);10.00、1.00、3.34、50.00 mg·L^(-1);20.00、2.00、6.67、100.00 mg·L^(-1))的富营养化水体中的生长情况以及去除总磷、总氮、氨氮及降低化学需氧量等的水体净化效果。【结果】①总体来看,水葱在低质量浓度富营养化水体中长势较好,而千屈菜、黄菖蒲在中、高质量浓度处理下比低质量浓度处理下长势好;荇菜长势快,优于睡莲,但可能会影响组合配植植物的生长,而金鱼藻在与荇菜组合时长势弱于与睡莲组合。②总磷去除效果:在低质量浓度处理中,水葱+睡莲+金鱼藻组在前期对富营养水体总磷去除能力较强,去除率达47.57%;黄菖蒲+睡莲+金鱼藻的组合在后期净化效果最好,35 d时最高总磷去除率达74.59%;高质量浓度处理中,黄菖蒲+睡莲+金鱼藻组与水葱+睡莲+金鱼藻均有较好的去除效果。③总氮去除效果:在低质量浓度处理中,水葱所在的2个植物组合去除效果较好,总氮去除率均在30.00%以上;中质量浓度处理中,水葱+睡莲+金鱼藻组效果较好;黄菖蒲+睡莲+金鱼藻在低、中、高3种质量浓度处理中都有不错的净化效果。④氨氮去除效果:在低质量浓度处理中,水葱+荇菜+金鱼藻组去除氨氮效果最好,去除率达14.03%;中质量浓度处理中,千屈菜+睡莲+金鱼藻组净化效果最好,最高去除率达4.09%;高质量浓度处理[Objective]The objective is to study the purification effects of aquatic ornamental plants on eutrophic water bodies.[Method]From late April 2020,different planting combinations were carried out with the water-holding plants Lythrum salicaria,Iris pseudacorus and Scirpus validus,the floating plants Nymphoides peltatum and Nymphaea tetragon,and the submerged plant Ceratophyllum demersum to compare their growth in water with 3 different levels of eutrophication:low,medium and high,and the water purification effects of removing total phosphorus(TP),total nitrogen(TN),ammonia nitrogen(NH3-N)and reducing chemical oxygen demand(COD).TP,TN,NH3-N and COD of the 3 experimental water bodies were 2.00,0.20,0.67,20.00 mg·L^(-1),10.00,1.00,3.34,50.00 mg·L^(-1),and 20.00,2.00,6.67,100.00 mg·L^(-1)).[Result](1)S.validus grew well in the eutrophic water body with low mass concentration,while L.salicaria and I.pseudacorus grew better in the treatment of medium and high mass concentration than in the treatment of low mass concentration.N.peltatum grew faster and better than N.tetragon,but it might affect the growth of combined plants.C.demersum grew weaker in combination with N.peltatum than with N.tetragon.(2)In the low concentration treatment,the S.validus,N.tetragon and C.demersum algae group had a better ability to remove TP from eutrophic water body in the early stage,with a removal rate of 47.57%.The combination of I.pseudacorus,N.tetragon and C.demersum algae had the best purification effect in the late stage,with a TP removal rate of 74.59%.In the medium and high concentration treatment,both the I.pseudacorus,N.tetragon and C.demersum algae group and S.validus,N.tetragon and C.demersum algae group had good TP removal effects.(3)In the low concentration treatment,the two planting combinations with S.validus had better removal effects,reaching 30.00%or more.In the medium concentration treatment,the TN removal effect of S.validus,N.tetragon and C.demersum algae group was better.I.pseudacorus,N.tetragon and C.demersum algae

关 键 词：水生植物 富营养化 植物组合 水体修复 

分 类 号：X173[环境科学与工程—环境科学]