国家在场的民间权威与乡土秩序——以吴村“村转居”为例  

Popular Authority and Local Order in the Presence of the State——Taking the"Village to Residence"in Wu Village as an Example

作　　者：马志强 Ma Zhiqiang(School of Marxism,Northwest A&F University,Xi'an,Shaanxi)

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学马克思主义学院讲师、马克思主义“三农”理论研究中心

出　　处：《政治人类学评论》2022年第2期269-343,I0006,377-382,共82页Political Anthropology Review

摘　　要：民族地区乡村社会具有多元复杂、混合融合的民族文化特征和地方社会秩序。“寺坊”这一民族民间生活组织形式在西北乡村社会,特别是回汉共居的民族村落的历史发展中扮演着较为重要的角色。吴村回族寺坊在近些年城市化和“村转居”进程中,坊民出现了“分家”与“离坊”、“聚合”与“离散”等现象,寺坊权威在清真寺的拆迁重建过程中发生了变迁,“寺管会”进行了重组。在社会快速变迁的背景下,人们的“个体化倾向”正在逐渐加强,寺坊的权威性逐渐弱化;在“国家在场”的作用力下,人们更多地参与社区的社会生活,社区认同意识和国家认同意识逐渐增强,使得乡土秩序出现了相应的整合与重构的显著变化。Chinese society has its inherent local character.As a multiethnic country,each ethnic society has its own individual characteristics.The rural society in ethnic areas has the characteristics of pluralistic,complex and mixed ethnic culture and local social order.Jamaat,the form of folk life organization,plays an important role in the historical development of the Hui Nationality in northwest rural society.Based on the fieldwork study of an ethnic village where the Hui and the Han coexisted in the northwest rural society,the study takes the popular authority figures in the field of Hui Jamaat as the main research object.Under the macro background of local social and historical changes,the study gives a micro insight into how the behavior practices and action strategies of various authority figures in Jamaat affect the operation order of Jamaat and the development of the village.This paper describes the integration and reconstruction process of the Hui Jamaat in Wu village since its establishment,especially in the process of the village reconstruction project in recent years,and expounds the authority structure,local order and integration mechanism behind this transformation track.Under the background of urbanization and"village to residence",the authority figures and residents in the Jamaat of Wu village have experienced a series of contradictory events caused by"land expropriation and demolition",and the authority structure and family life order of the Jamaat have undergone some changes.The implementation of"village to residence"is not only the external change of rural material environment,farmers'homes and professional identity,but also the change of traditional social life order and local social temperament of rural communities.The Qawm appeared the phenomena of"convergence","separation"and"leaving the mosque",while the authority of themosque gradually weakened in the process of demolition and reconstruction,and the"mosque management committee"was reorganized.The gradual weakening of Jamat in organizational mana

关 键 词：民间权威 乡土秩序 “村转居” 国家在场 

分 类 号：D422.6[政治法律—政治学] G249.27[政治法律—国际共产主义运动]