医疗人工智能临床应用的伦理审视  

Ethical Review of Clinical Application of Medical Artificial Intelligence

作　　者：李锟鹏 杨海秀 LI Kun-peng;YANG Hai-xiu(College of Marxism,Guangxi Medical University,Nanning 530021,China)

机构地区：[1]广西医科大学马克思主义学院,广西南宁530021

出　　处：《医学与哲学》2023年第7期27-31,共5页Medicine and Philosophy

基　　金：2020年国家社会科学基金项目(20FZXB050)。

摘　　要：算法偏见与隐私泄露危机、意识难题与道德主体困惑、数字鸿沟与资源供给失衡加剧了医疗人工智能应用的技术伦理、信念伦理和分配伦理危机。由于伦理设计滞后,人工智能在临床应用的过程中表现出研究伦理与服务伦理的二阶性、自由意志与公共利益的矛盾性、智能技术与临床经验的集成性等特征。面对人工智能应用的伦理困境,需从人本性的视角规避智能技术异化,保护患者隐私;从主体性的视角克服道德主体困惑,缓解意识难题;从公众性的视角弥合资源数据裂沟,促进分配正义,通过强化正向伦理规约缓解人工智能临床应用的伦理危机。Algorithm bias and privacy disclosure crisis,consciousness problems and moral subject confusion,digital divide and resource supply imbalance have aggravated the crisis of the technical ethics,belief ethics,and distribution ethics in medical AI applications.Due to the lag in ethical design,artificial intelligence in the process of clinical application exhibits characteristics such as the second-order nature of research ethics and service ethics,the contradiction between free will and public interest,and the integration of intelligent technology and clinical experience.Faced with the ethical dilemma of artificial intelligence applications,it is necessary to avoid the alienation of intelligent technology from the perspective of human nature and protect patient privacy;overcome the confusion of moral subjects and alleviate the problem of consciousness from the perspective of subjectivity;bridge the resource data gap from the perspective of publicity,promoting distributive justice,and alleviating the ethical crisis of AI clinical applications by strengthening positive ethical regulations.

关 键 词：人工智能 医学伦理 智能医疗 技术伦理 伦理困境 伦理特征 伦理规约 

分 类 号：R-05[医药卫生]