生鲜乳中致病微生物污染来源、危害与消减措施  

Sources,Hazards and Abatement Measures of Pathogenic Microbial Contamination in Raw Milk

作　　者：肖沙 赵格[1,2,3] 赵建梅 张喜悦[1,2] 刘娜 徐莹[4] 王君玮 XIAO Sha;ZHAO Ge;ZHAO Jianmei;ZHANG Xiyue;LIU Na;XU Ying;WANG Junwei(Laboratory of Pathogenic Microorganism Surveillance,China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center,Qingdao Shandong 266032;Risk Assessment Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Product Quality and Safety,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs(Qingdao),Qingdao Shandong 266032;Key Laboratory of Animal Biosafety Risk Warning and Prevention and Control,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs(South),Qingdao Shandong 266032;College of Food Science and Engineering,Ocean University of China,Qingdao Shandong 266000)

机构地区：[1]中国动物卫生与流行病学中心致病微生物监测室,山东青岛266032 [2]农业农村部畜禽产品质量安全风险评估实验室(青岛),山东青岛266032 [3]农业农村部动物生物安全风险预警及防控重点实验室(南方),山东青岛266032 [4]中国海洋大学食品科学与工程学院,山东青岛266000

出　　处：《中国乳业》2023年第5期65-70,76,共7页China Dairy

基　　金：国家重点研发计划课题-牛奶安全主要风险因子评估与预警防控关键技术研究(2022YFD1301003)。

摘　　要：生鲜乳中致病微生物污染严重影响乳及其制品的质量安全。本文分析了致病微生物的污染来源,并对生鲜乳中可能携带的对消费者健康有影响的37种病原微生物综合其致病性和耐药基因传播进行危害分析,明确了需优先管控的致病微生物风险排序,为我国生鲜乳全产业链中致病微生物认知、防控、风险评估提供技术参考。同时结合我国生鲜乳不同生产模式,提出影响消费者健康的致病微生物消减措施:养殖环节要加强饲料、牛舍和牛体的微生物控制;挤奶环节加强挤奶工具、挤奶员工、和药浴时的微生物控制;贮运环节要加强储存和运输过程中的微生物控制。这些针对性防控策略建议,将促进相关方及时跟进生鲜乳质量安全控制,降低乳制品消费风险。The contamination of fresh milk with pathogenic microorganisms seriously affects the quality and safety of milk and its products.This paper analyzed the sources of contamination by pathogenic microorganisms,and analyzed the hazards of 37 pathogenic microorganisms that may be carried in raw milk and have an impact on consumers'health,and clarified the risk ranking of pathogenic microorganisms that need to be controlled as a priority,so as to provide technical references for the recognition,prevention and control,and risk assessment of pathogenic microorganisms in the whole industrial chain of raw milk in China.At the same time,combining the different production modes of raw milk in China,this paper proposed measures to reduce the pathogenic microorganisms that affect consumers'health:the breeding process should strengthen the microbiological control of feed,barn and cattle;the milking process should strengthen the microbiological control of milking tools,milking staff,and medicine bath;the storage and transportation process should strengthen the microbiological control during storage and transportation.These targeted prevention and control strategy recommendations will promote relevant parties to follow up on raw milk quality and safety control in a timely manner to reduce the risk of dairy consumption.

关 键 词：生鲜乳 致病微生物 污染来源 危害分析 消减措施 

分 类 号：TS252.5[轻工技术与工程—农产品加工及贮藏工程]