蹦床运动员网面垂直跳动作的实验研究与运动学分析  

An Experimental Study and Kinematics Analysis of Trampoline Athletes'Vertical Jump on the Trampoline

作　　者：刘俊蓉 刘欢 Liu Junrong;Liu Huan(Shanxi Institute of Sports Science,Taiyuan 030000,China;不详)

机构地区：[1]山西省体育科学研究所,山西太原030000 [2]湖北商贸学院体育学院,湖北武汉430079

出　　处：《体育科技文献通报》2023年第5期40-43,104,共5页Bulletin of Sport Science & Technology

摘　　要：本文运用文献资料法、专家访谈法、实验法和数理统计法等对山西省体操训练中心4名健将级蹦床运动员进行网面垂直跳的实验研究,旨在探索运动员在垂直跳过程中不同角度变化特点及开展运动学分析,为运动员提升蹦床起跳技术提供参考。研究结果显示:入网阶段运动员为保持身体稳定性和蹬伸阶段发力,各关节角度会有一定程度屈曲并延续到蹬伸阶段。蹬伸阶段内力做功各关节角度有所增加,到压网最低点身体接近直立状态,重心垂直速度趋近于零。起网阶段尤其是离网瞬间,髋关节、膝关节和踝关节都处于蹬伸姿势,髋关节和膝关节角度趋于最大,适宜角度范围分别为172.30°±2.69°和178.94°±0.39°,身体近乎直立状态,而踝关节角度也明显增大。离网瞬间网面克服重力做功,重心垂直速度较触网瞬间有所降低。通过实验观察,运动员的压网深度与起跳高度具有一定的相关性。建议:因蹦床项目运动员需要极强的下肢爆发力,运动员在日常训练中应加强下肢爆发力的训练,良好的蹬伸技术是获得腾空高度的关键,运动员可在平地进行垂直起跳动作训练以模拟蹦床蹬伸技术,还可在教练员的指导下在网面进行专项蹬伸技术训练。垂直跳摆臂技术是运动员容易忽略的一个技术,且与前后空翻动作摆臂技术易于混淆,运动员在日常训练中还应加强摆臂技术的训练。This paper uses the methods of literature,expert interview,experiment and mathematical statistics to carry out the experimental research on vertical jump of four elite-level trampoline athletes in Shanxi Gymnastics Training Center,aiming to explore the characteristics of different angles and kinematics analysis of trampolinists in the vertical jump process,and provide reference for trampolinists to improve the jumping technology of the trampoline.The results reveal that in order to maintain body stability and the exertion of strength at the line out phase,the trampolinists will have a certain degree of flexion at each joint angle and continue to the line out phase.At the line out phase,the angle of each joint of internal force work increased,and the body was nearly straight at the lowest point of the trampoline pressing,and the vertical velocity of the center of gravity was close to zero.At the initial take-off phase,especially at the moment of taking-off,the hip joint,knee joint and ankle joint are in the push and stretch position,and the angle of the hip joint and knee joint tends to be the largest,with the appropriate angle range of 172.30°±2.69°and 178.94°±0.39°,respectively.The body is almost straight,while the angle of the ankle joint is also significantly increased.The trampoline surface overcomes gravity to work at the moment of leaving the trampoline,and the vertical velocity of the center of gravity is lower than that at the moment of contact.Through experimental observation,there is a certain correlation between the depth of trampoline pressing and the height of initial take-off.SUGGESTION:The trampoline sport needs athletes'extremely strong lower limb explosive force,the athlete should strengthen the lower limb explosive force training in the daily training,the good line out technique is the key to reach the height,the athlete can carry out the vertical take-off movement training on the flat ground to simulate the trampoline line out technique,and can also carry out the special line out techniqu

关 键 词：蹦床 垂直跳 角度 运动学 起跳技术 

分 类 号：G838[文化科学—体育训练]