劳动是享受生命的最好方式吗?——以康德《实用人类学》为中心的讨论  

Is Labor the Best Way to Enjoy Life?—Discussion on Kant’s Practical Anthropology

作　　者：成海鹰 CHENG Haiying

机构地区：[1]汕头大学马克思主义学院,广东汕头515063

出　　处：《上海师范大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2023年第3期43-52,共10页Journal of Shanghai Normal University(Philosophy & Social Sciences Edition)

基　　金：广东省教育厅研究生示范课程建设项目“马克思主义与社会科学方法论”(2022SFKC047);“大中小一体化劳动教育促时代新人培养研究”(2023GHB161)。

摘　　要：在康德关于享乐的论述中,快乐是一种由感官而来的愉快,而人们能够通过生命感和官感得到的享受,称之为享乐。享受有主观性和客观性的成分,又分为个别性和社会性的享受。愉快有感性和智性两种,感性愉快通过感官快乐和想象力鉴赏表现,智性愉快通过可显现的概念或理念表现。享乐由此来自身心两个方面,有物质和精神两种形式。康德的“劳动是享受生命的最好方式”这一命题,肯定了劳动与享乐都是人类生活的重要内容,只有劳动没有享乐的人生是不正义的,只有享乐不劳动的人生是空虚和无聊的。把劳动视为享乐的源泉,把享乐视为劳动的合理归宿,是丰富人生意义、提升道德生活的重要途径;阐释康德的劳动观和享乐观,是当代评价劳动的意义并赋予享乐新的时代价值的重要基础,为建构享乐伦理找到一种理论依据,以此理解何为真正的享受生命。In Kant’s discussion on enjoyment,happiness is a kind of pleasure from the senses.People can enjoy it through the sense of life and other senses,which is called enjoyment.Enjoyment has subjectivity and objectivity,which can be divided into two kinds:individual enjoyment and social enjoyment.Pleasure can be classified into perceptual pleasure and intellectual pleasure.Perceptual pleasure is expressed through sensory pleasure and appreciation of imagination,and intellectual pleasure is expressed through the concept or idea that can be manifested.Pleasure,thus,comes from both body and mind,in material and spiritual forms.Kant’s proposition that“labor is the best way to enjoy life”confirms that both labor and enjoyment are important contents of human life.A life with only labor and no enjoyment is unjust;and a life with only enjoyment and no labor is empty and boring.Viewing labor as the source of enjoyment and enjoyment as the rational destination of labor is an important way to enrich the meaning of life and enhance the moral life.Interpreting Kant’s view towards labor and enjoyment is an important basis to eval⁃uate the meaning of labor and endow enjoyment with the new value of our times,and to find a theoretical basis for constructing en⁃joyment ethics,so as to understand what the real enjoyment of life is.

关 键 词：康德 实用人类学 享乐 劳动 享乐伦理 

分 类 号：B516.31[哲学宗教—外国哲学]