数据犯罪的保护法益新论——“数据内容的保密性和效用性”的证成与展开  

A New Standpoint of the Legal Interest of Data Crime:The Proof and Expansion of the"Confidentiality and Utility of Data Content"

作　　者：童德华[1] 王一冰 TONG Dehua;WANG Yibing(Criminal Justice School,Zhongnan University of Economics and Law,Wuhan 430073,China)

机构地区：[1]中南财经政法大学刑事司法学院,湖北武汉430073

出　　处：《大连理工大学学报（社会科学版）》2023年第3期54-64,共11页Journal of Dalian University of Technology(Social Sciences)

基　　金：2022年度最高人民检察院检察理论研究课题重点项目“数据资产刑事司法保护研究”(GJ2022B12)。

摘　　要：理论上以数据为对象实施的犯罪统称为数据犯罪,数据犯罪已然成为各个法域的规范重点。数据犯罪的法益问题反映了新时期人们有关数据安全保护的价值共识,数据犯罪在司法适用中的诸多问题在于法益界定不清。数据犯罪的法益定位与阐明应统筹法益的立法与司法两个面向的思考,即从应然与实然两个角度进行分析论证。首先,数据犯罪的保护法益应独立于计算机信息系统安全;其次,刑法保护的数据安全是指数据内容安全而非数据载体安全;最后,数据犯罪保护的法益应为数据内容的保密性和效用性。据此,一方面,基于当前刑法规定,应合理运用“数据内容的保密性和效用性”法益的规范解释机能,使得部分有争议数据犯罪案件得到最大程度的妥当处理。另一方面,应充分发挥“数据内容的保密性和效用性”法益的立法批判机能,确立数据犯罪的独立地位,弱化数据犯罪的技术手段要求,加强普通数据内容的保密性保护,推进数据价值开发合规并确认数据的财产属性,从根本上解决问题。Theoretically speaking.crimes committed with data as the object are collectively referred to as data crimes,and data crimes have become the normative focus of various jurisdictions.The legal interest of data crime rflcts the value consensus of data security protetion in the new era.Many problems in the judicial ap-plication of data crime.lie in the ambiguity in the definition of legal interest.The positioning and elucidation of the legal interest of data crimes should be based on the two aspects of legislation and judicature.that is,the 8-nalysis and the demonstration should be carried out from the perspective of"ought to"and reality.First.the legal interest of data crime should be independent of the security of computer information systems.Secondly,the data security protected by criminal law is the data content security rather than the data carrier security.Fi-nally,the legal interest of data crime protection entails the confidentiality and utility of data content.There-fore.on one hand,based on the current criminal law provisions,the interpretive function of the legal interest of"confidentiality and utility of data content"to the speification should be reasonably used to obtain the proper disposal of some controversial data crime cases to the maximum extent.On the other hand,we should give full play to the legislative criticism funetion of the legal interest of"confidentiality and utility of data content".es-tablish the independent status of the data of crime,weaken the requirements for technical means of data crime,.strengthen the confidentiality protection of ordinary data content,promote data value development to comply with regulations and confirm the property attributes of data so as to fundamentally solve the problem.

关 键 词：数据犯罪 法益 数据内容安全 保密性 效用性 

分 类 号：D924[政治法律—刑法学]