法律询问答复的类型与适用控制——对《立法法》第69条的解释  

Types and Application Control of Legal Inquiries and Replies:Interpretation of Article 69 of the Legislative Law

作　　者：巢永乐 Chao Yongle

机构地区：[1]上海交通大学凯原法学院

出　　处：《财经法学》2023年第3期65-79,共15页Law and Economy

基　　金：研究阐释党的十九届六中全会精神国家社科基金重大项目“发挥人民代表大会制度的根本政治制度研究”(22ZDA068)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：传统观点认为法工委的法律询问答复与全国人大常委会的立法解释存在功能混同的问题,使得该制度在民主正当性与治理有效性之间存在一定张力。但上述立场难以成立。在职权属性上,二者具有本质区别。前者是人民代表大会制度下兼顾民主与效率的结果,具有决策咨询属性;后者是全国人大常委会监督法律在不同法域实施与司法解释的重要手段,具有监督权属性与终局性。在功能类型上,法律询问答复虽大多以“解释法律”为基本表征,但其主要用于协调组织事务、调控立法争议以及为执法、司法活动提供参照等法政实践,是司法解释难以涉猎与立法解释无需介入的领域。为规范法律询问答复的具体适用,应从法解释学的角度明确制度展开的管辖范围、程序规范及监督机制三项要素。而无需诉诸制度废除或主体变更等根本性改革方案。The traditional view is that the function of the legislative inquiry reply of the Legislative Affairs Committee of the NPC Standing Committee is confused with that of the legislative interpretation of the NPC Standing Committee,which makes the system have a certain tension between the democratic legitimacy and the effectiveness of governance.In the attribute of authority,the two have essential difference.The former is the result of both democracy and efficiency under the system of people s congress,which has the property of decision-making consultation.The latter is an important means for the Standing Committee of the National People s Congress to supervise the implementation and judicial interpretation of laws in different legal regions,which has the property of supervision power and finality.In terms of functional types,although most legal inquiries and replies are characterized by“law interpretation”,they are mainly used in legal and political practices such as coordinating organizational affairs,regulating legislative disputes,and providing references for law enforcement and judicial activities,which are difficult for judicial interpretation to involve and unnecessary for legislative interpretation to intervene in.In order to standardize the specific application of legal inquiry and reply,we should clarify three elements of jurisdiction,procedure and supervision mechanism from the perspective of legal hermeneutics.There is no need to resort to fundamental reform programs such as institutional abolition or main body change.

关 键 词：立法权 法律解释权 全国人大常委会 民主与效率 

分 类 号：D920.0[政治法律—法学]