从“既然”“因为”之别看原因小句的意外性分化  

The Division of Mirativity of Causal Clause from the Perspective of the Contrast of “jiran” and “yinwei”

作　　者：陈禹 Chen Yu(School of Humanities,Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan Hubei 430074;National Language Promotion Base,Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan Hubei 430074)

机构地区：[1]华中科技大学人文学院,湖北武汉430074 [2]华中科技大学国家语言文字推广基地,湖北武汉430074

出　　处：《语言科学》2023年第3期253-265,共13页Linguistic Sciences

基　　金：国家社科基金青年项目“现代汉语反意外标记的语用功能及其演化机制研究”(21CYY029)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：“既然”“因为”是学界非常关注的两类原因标记,两者的区别存在主观-客观说、顺应-磋商说、共知-未知说三种观点。通过对比两者不可互换与可以互换的语境,我们发现“既然”“因为”分别与三段论和反事实两种推理模型关系密切。“既然”是前摄原因,更强调结论的可靠性,“因为”是回溯原因,侧重于原因的关键性。两类原因小句的对立与统一可以解释为意外性在说话人与听话人两个维度的不同组合形式。The Mandarin causality connectives“jiran(既然)”and“yinwei(因为)”have been dis-cussed by a great amount of previous literature.The debates can be classified into 3 mainstream views,i.e.subjective-objective,concession-negotiation,overtness-covertness.The analytic compari-son of the uninterchangeable and interchangeable contexts demonstrates that“jiran”is closely related with inference pattern of syllogism serving as a proactive act for conclusion reliability and that“yin-wei”closely related with counterfactuality serving as an introspective act for cause significance.The distinction and unity of the two kinds of causal clauses can be understood as different combinations of mirativity from the perspectives of addresser and addressee.

关 键 词：“既然” “因为” 原因小句 反意外 听话人 

分 类 号：H043[语言文字—语言学]