认知和情感共情与负性情绪:情绪调节的作用机制  

Associations between empathy and negative affect:Effect of emotion regulation

作　　者：郭晓栋 郑泓 阮盾 胡丁鼎 王毅[1,2] 王艳郁 陈楚侨[1,2] GUO Xiaodong;ZHENG Hong;RUAN Dun;HU Dingding;WANG Yi;WANG Yanyu;Raymond C.K.CHAN(Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory,CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health,Institute of Psychology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101,China;Department of Psychology,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;School of Psychology,Weifang Medical University,Weifang 261053,China)

机构地区：[1]神经心理学与应用认知神经科学实验室,中国科学院心理健康重点实验室(中国科学院心理研究所),北京100101 [2]中国科学院大学心理系,北京100049 [3]潍坊医学院心理学院,山东潍坊261053

出　　处：《心理学报》2023年第6期892-904,共13页Acta Psychologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(31871114)。

摘　　要：情绪调节在社会情境中对认知和情感共情的影响尚待厘清,这一问题的阐明将有助于理解社会交互中负性情绪的产生和影响机制,为未来的社会认知干预提供理论基础。本文通过问卷调查验证了共情、情绪调节与负性情绪之间的关系,并采用中文版共情准确性任务探讨认知重评策略使用对共情情绪反应的影响。结果发现:情感共情与日常生活中更多的焦虑和压力有关,而认知共情与更少的抑郁情绪相关,认知重评和表达抑制均在共情与负性情绪之间起保护性调节作用;共情准确性任务中,使用认知重评策略能提高个体对他人消极情绪的共情准确性、降低自身的负性情绪体验;在积极情境下还可以增强个体的积极情绪。结果表明情绪调节,特别是认知重评,在认知和情感共情与负性情绪之间发挥着重要作用。Empathy refers to understanding,inferring and sharing others’emotional states,which can be divided into affective and cognitive components.Although empathy contributes to prosocial behaviors and harmonious interpersonal relationships,it also increases an individual’s negative emotional experiences and affect distress.Emotion regulation,the psychological process of managing one’s own emotions,has been found to be closely associated with empathy.Cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression are two commonly used strategies to regulate emotions,of which cognitive reappraisal is effective in reducing negative emotional experiences while expressive suppression is usually correlated with more affective distress.However,the roles of emotion regulation strategies in the empathic response are still unclear.We conducted two studies to investigate the roles of emotion regulation on the negative affect related to empathy using self-report questionnaires and experimental task respectively. Study 1 administered the Questionnaire of Cognitive and Affective Empathy (QCAE), the Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI), the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ), and the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS-21) to 442 college students. The moderating effects of cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression on the association between empathy and negative affect were examined separately. Study 2 adopted the Chinese version of the Empathic Accuracy Task (EAT) to further examine the effect of emotion regulation (i.e. cognitive reappraisal) on cognitive empathy and affective responses. The EAT requires participants to continuously rate targets’ emotional valence in video clips as a second person and rate emotional valence and arousal of both targets and themselves after each video. Seventy-five participants (33 for experiment 1 and 42 for experiment 2) were recruited to perform the EAT under two conditions, i.e., naturally viewing without any instructions and applying cognitive reappraisal while viewing the scenarios. Paired

关 键 词：认知共情 情感共情 认知重评 表达抑制 负性情绪 

分 类 号：B842[哲学宗教—基础心理学]