汉语动词ABAB与AABB式:重叠与叠加  

Verbal ABAB and AABB in Mandarin Chinese:Reduplication and Doubling

作　　者：李涤非 程工[1] Li Dfei;Cheng Gong(School of International Studies,Zhejiang University,Hangzhuo Zhejiang 310058)

机构地区：[1]浙江大学外国语学院,浙江杭州310058

出　　处：《语言科学》2022年第6期595-608,共14页Linguistic Sciences

基　　金：浙江省哲学社会科学优势学科重大资助课题(19YSXK01ZD)的资助。

摘　　要：汉语的动词重叠分AA/ABAB式(如“看看、研究研究”)和AABB式(如“走走停停”)两种类别。文章基于分布式形态学的思想,提出两种形式均在句法中构建。其中,ABAB式涉及到将基式动词拷贝至某个体成分位置的过程:(1)当外在体实现为重叠语素时,标示惯常体;(2)当内在体实现为重叠语素时,标记短时情状。AABB式则生成于Marantz(2001)所提的内部区域之中,分两个步骤进行:首先,语类中性的词根A和B分别通过自我复合构成复合词根AA与BB,而后,AA与BB串联后嫁接于小v,形成动词AABB序列。这一分析消除了传统上的语法模块之间的对立(词库与句法),转而将两者归结至局部区域的差异(内部区域与外部区域),因而在理论与实证上都更具解释充分性。Verbal reduplications(VRs)in Mandarin Chinese come in two varieties:AA/ABAB.(e.g.kan-kan“看看”,or yanjiu-yanjiu“研究研究”)and AABB(e.g.zou-zou-ting-ting“走走停停”).Adopting the Distributed Morphology,we reject the“two place word-formation”proposition and argue instead that ABAB and AABB forms are both derived in syntax.Specifically,ABAB redu-plications involve the copying of the base verb to one of the aspectual positions:(i)outer aspect(a-bove VoiceP,in the domain of TP),producing a habitual reading;(ii)inner aspect(in the domain of.VoiceP),marking a diminutive aktionsart.As for the AABB pattern,we believe that it is derived in the“inner domain"in the sense of Marantz(2001)with two steps:first,category neutral roots A and B each form a complex root via the process of self compounding,and second,the concatenated roots,AA and BB,are adjoined to little v,thereby forming the AABB sequence.As such,the proposed ac-count reduces the traditional modular distinction(the lexicon vs.the syntax)to local domain differ-ences(inner vs.outer domains)that are derivative of syntactic locality effects,without sacrificing empirical adequacy.

关 键 词：ABAB式 AABB式 分布式形态学 情状体 复合 

分 类 号：H146.3[语言文字—汉语]