教育扩张政策对农村劳动力工资水平的影响:兼论教育政策的工资效应和分配效应  

The Impact of Education Expansion Policy on the Wage Level of Rural Labor Force:On the Wage Effect and Distribution Effect of Education Policy

作　　者：方超[1] 孙晗 叶林祥 FANG Chao;SUN Han;YE Linxiang

机构地区：[1]南京财经大学公共管理学院/经济学院,南京210023

出　　处：《南京农业大学学报（社会科学版）》2023年第3期180-190,共11页Journal of Nanjing Agricultural University(Social Sciences Edition)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“新时代我国农村贫困性质变化及2020年后反贫困政策研究”(19ZDA116);江苏省社会科学基金项目“流动人口视角下经济转型时期教育扩张政策的收入分配效应研究”(20JYC007)。

摘　　要：文章利用2018年中国家庭收入调查数据,通过因果性和异质性教育收益率的测量,实证评估了经济转型期两次教育扩张政策对农村劳动力工资水平的影响。研究发现:(1)利用普通最小二乘法发现农村劳动力的工资水平与其受教育程度具有正相关性,经验对工资的影响呈倒U型的变化趋势;(2)利用工具变量法发现教育扩张具有较强的教育价值,义务教育改革和高校扩招将个体接受义务教育和大学教育的概率值提高了2.9和9.8个百分点,其社会经济价值则将工资水平提高了830.1%和181.9%;(3)利用无条件分位数回归及其处理效应模型进行异质性分析,发现义务教育改革有助于收敛组内工资差距,但高校扩招扩大了低-高收入群体间的组内工资差异。在此基础上,文章提出了释放公共教育政策经济社会价值的政策建议。Based on the data from China Household Income Project 2018,this paper empirically evaluates the impact of two education expansion policies on the wage level of rural labor force in the period of economic transition through the measurement of causality and heterogeneity.It finds that:(1)The wage level of rural labor force has a positive correlation with its education level,while the influence of experience on wages shows an inverted U⁃shaped change trend using the method of OLS;(2)It is found that the expansion of education has strong educational value,while the reform of compulsory education and the expansion of college enrollment have increased the probability of individual receiving compulsory education and college education by 2.9%and 9.8%,its socio⁃economic value has increased the wage level by 830.1%and 181.9%using the method if IV;(3)Using the method of UQR and UQTE to analyze the heterogeneity,it is found that the compulsory education reform helps to converge the wage gap within the group,but the enrollment expansion of colleges and universities expands the wage gap between low and high⁃income groups.On this basis,this article proposes policy recommendations for releasing the economic and social value of public education policies.

关 键 词：教育扩张 农村劳动力 教育收益率 收入分配效应 无条件分位数处理效应 

分 类 号：G520[文化科学—教育学]