基于线粒体DNAD-loop全序列的麒麟鸡遗传多样性研究  

Study on Genetic Diversity of Qilin Chicken Based on Complete Mitochondrial DNA D-loop Sequences

作　　者：李威娜[1,2,3] 郭美慧 温锦添 翁茁先 陈洁波[3] 杜炳旺 黄勋和 LI Weina;GUO Meihui;WEN Jintian;WENG Zhuoxian;CHEN Jiebo;DU Bingwang;HUANG Xunhe(School of Life Sciences,Jiaying University,Meizhou 514015,China;Guangdong Key Laboratory of Conservation and Precision Utilization of Characteristic Agricultural Resources in Mountainous Areas,Meizhou 514015,China;Guangdong Science and Technology Innovation Centre of Wuhua Yellow Chicken,Meizhou 514015,China)

机构地区：[1]嘉应学院生命科学学院,广东梅州514015 [2]广东省山区特色农业资源保护与精准利用重点实验室,广东梅州514015 [3]广东省五华三黄鸡科技创新中心,广东梅州514015

出　　处：《广东农业科学》2023年第4期100-107,共8页Guangdong Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：嘉应学院大学生创新创业训练项目(嘉院校办[2021]20号);广东省驻镇帮镇扶村农村科技特派员项目(KTP20210218);广东省重点建设学科科研能力提升项目(2022ZDJS088);湛江市科技计划项目(2020A04008)。

摘　　要：【目的】从线粒体DNA(mtDNA)D-loop全序列角度评估麒麟鸡的遗传多样性水平,以期阐明麒麟鸡的品种形成。【方法】通过PCR产物直接测序法对麒麟鸡保种群的黄羽、白羽和黑羽3个资源群及8个地方鸡品种进行mtDNA D-loop全序列测定,分析遗传变异,并进行中性检测,构建单倍型中介网络图,探究麒麟鸡的群体历史。【结果】麒麟鸡mtDNAD-loop全序列为1231~1232bp,C+G含量(39.8%)低于T+A含量(60.2%),总体核苷酸多样性为0.00630±0.00054,明显高于其他8个地方鸡品种。3个资源群黄羽、白羽和黑羽麒麟鸡的单倍型多样性分别为0.777±0.076、0.816±0.060、0.710±0.057,核苷酸多样性分别为0.00699±0.00115、0.00662±0.00090、0.00546±0.00062,遗传多样性水平基本上与群体规模呈正相关。麒麟鸡与8个地方鸡的双参数遗传距离为0.008~0.009,净遗传距离为0.003~0.005,均大于其他地方鸡之间的遗传距离。90份麒麟鸡样本共检测到45个突变位点,定义了17个单倍型,其中独享型单倍型9个,单倍型多样性为0.773±0.039。黄羽、白羽和黑羽麒麟鸡的单倍型数量分别为12、7、5个。8个地方鸡品种定义了19个单倍型,其中河田鸡的单倍型数量最多(8个),宁都黄鸡的最少(3个),没有与麒麟鸡共享的单倍型。中性检测结果显示,除了黑羽麒麟鸡外,供试鸡种在品种水平上近期均未经历明显的种群扩张。麒麟鸡单倍型类群主要分布在进化枝A、B、C和E,优势单倍型类群是B(30.0%)和E(64.4%);8个地方鸡单倍型类群主要为A和B。【结论】独特的单倍型提示麒麟鸡具有独立的品种形成历史,相对较高的遗传多样性水平将有利于其保护和利用工作的开展。【Objective】The study was carried out to evaluate genetic diversity level of Qilin chicken inferred from complete mitochondrial DNA(mtDNA)D-loop sequences in order to clarify the bread formation of Qilin chicken.【Method】Three populations(yellow,white and black-feathered Qilin chickens)and eight indigenous chicken breeds were used for direct sequencing with PCR products of complete mtDNA D-loop region,and these sequences were then used to calculate the genetic variation and neutral test,to construct median networks of haplotypes and to investigate the breeding history of Qilin chickens.【Result】The length of mtDNA D-loop complete sequence ranged from 1231 to 1232 bp.The content of C+G(39.8%)was lower than that of T+A(60.2%).The total nucleotide diversity of Qilin chickens was 0.00630±0.00054,which was significantly higher than that of each of the eight indigenous chicken breeds.The haptype diversity and nucleotide diversity in yellow,white and black-feathered Qilin chickens were 0.777±0.076,0.816±0.060,0.710±0.057 and 0.00699±0.00115,0.00662±0.00090,0.00546±0.00062,respectively.The level of genetic diversity was positively correlated with population size.The K2P genetic distance and net genetic distance between Qilin chickens and eight indigenous chicken breeds ranged from 0.008 to 0.009 and 0.003 to 0.005,respectively,which were greater than those between the eight indigenous chicken breeds.A total of 45 mutation sites were detected in 90 samples of Qilin chickens.Seventeen haplotypes were defined in Qilin chickens,with eight exclusive haplotypes and haplotype diversity of 0.773±0.039.The numbers of haptypes of yellow,white and black-feathered Qilin chickens were 12,7 and 5,respectively.Nineteen haplotypes were defined in eight adjacent indigenous chicken breeds,and no haplotype was shared with Qilin chickens.The number of haptypes of Hetian chicken(8)was greater than that of other chickens,and Ningdu yellow chicken only had three haptypes.The neutral test indicated that all chickens used in thi

关 键 词：麒麟鸡 线粒体DNA(mtDNA) D-loop全序列 遗传多样性 系统进化 

分 类 号：S831.2[农业科学—畜牧学] Q3465[农业科学—畜牧兽医]