从“心理定向”到“时代之眼”——巴克桑德尔对贡布里希的继承与推进  

From“Psychological Orientation”to“Period Eye”—Baxandall's Inheritance and Promotion of Gombrich

作　　者：蒋苇 魏本悦 JIANG Wei;WEI Ben-yue(School of Art Design and Media,East China University of Science and Technology,Shanghai 200237,China)

机构地区：[1]华东理工大学艺术设计与传媒学院,上海200237

出　　处：《美育学刊》2023年第3期41-48,共8页Journal of Aesthetic Education

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金项目“文化研究视域中的艺术批评——基于托马斯·克洛的研究”(21YJC760033);上海市教委晨光计划(Z110-2RC-2001);上海市设计学Ⅳ类高峰学科资助项目的研究成果。

摘　　要：E.H.贡布里希以理性主义科学精神批判了德奥艺术史中黑格尔式的唯心主义成分,在《艺术与错觉》中,他用源自心理学的概念“心理定向”取代了超验的“时代精神”,通过传统与图式对视觉的影响来解释风格发展的机制和视觉趣味的转变。曾在瓦尔堡拜师贡布里希门下攻读博士学位的迈克尔·巴克桑德尔在《15世纪意大利的绘画与经验》①中提出了“时代之眼”的理论,获得了包括布迪厄、格尔茨等学者的广泛赞誉,却遭到了贡布里希的批评,认为它只是新版本的“时代精神”。通过对二者的辨析以及对“时代之眼”的概念从学源上做出澄清,可以明确巴克桑德尔对贡布里希的继承与推进。E.H.Gombrich criticized Hegelian idealism in German and Austrian art history with the scientific spirit of rationalism.In Art and Illusion,he replaced the transcendental“zeitgeist”with the concept“psychological orientation”derived from psychology,and explained the mechanism of style development and the change of visual interest through the influence of tradition and schema on vision.Michael Baxandall,who had studied for a doctoral degree under the tutelage of Gombrich in Valburg,proposed the theory of“period eye”in his book“Painting and Experience in Fifteenth Century Italy”,which received widespread praise from scholars including Bourdieu and Gertz.However,he was criticized by Gombrich as just a new version of“zeitgeist”.By analyzing the two and clarifying and defending the concept of“period eye”,it can be clarified that Gombrich's theory was inherited and promoted by Baxandall.

关 键 词：时代之眼 心理定向 时代精神 贡布里希 巴克桑德尔 

分 类 号：J0[艺术—艺术理论]