袍哥的精神和组织起源——卫大法师“汉留四书”的解读  

Paoge’s Spiritual and Organizational Origin:An Interpretation of“the Four Books of Hanliu”by Master Wei

作　　者：王笛[1] WANG Di(Department of History,University of Macao,Macao 519000,China)

机构地区：[1]澳门大学历史系,中国澳门519000

出　　处：《安徽史学》2023年第3期5-17,49,共14页Historical Research In Anhui

摘　　要：卫大法师的“汉留四书”对袍哥的历史、组织、思想的发掘,乃至袍哥的话语体系的建立等方面,都起了非常重要的作用。他之所以能够如此全面、深入地对袍哥的历史进行探讨,与他受过正规的历史学和考古学的训练是分不开的,且与在他之前的各种袍哥历史的叙述者也是显然不同的,因此值得我们特别的关注。卫大法师这四本书反映了中国帮会的组织和精神起源,信息十分丰富,从天地会、三点会、三合会、洪门、红帮、青帮到哥老会都有涉及。按照卫大法师的说法,红帮、汉留、袍哥,其实是三位一体的,这个思路有着相当的可信度。通过分析这四本书,我们或许能够从一个特定的角度来认识袍哥的起源问题,并考察这个组织及其成员怎样看待自己的历史。Master Wei’s“Four Books of Hanliu”(汉留四书)played a very important role in the discovery of Paoge’s history,organization,and thought,and even the establishment of Paoge’s discourse.The reason why he was able to explore the history of Paoge(袍哥)in such a comprehensive and in-depth manner was inseparable from his formal training in history and archaeology.These four books were also obviously different from the narratives of various Paoge histories before him,which,therefore,deserve our special attention.The four books reflect the organizational and spiritual origins of Chinese gangs,and provide rich information,covering Tiandihui(天地会),Sandianhui(三点会),Sanhehui(三合会),Hongmen(洪门),Hongbang(红帮),Qingbang(青帮),and Gelaohui(哥老会).According to Master Wei(卫大法师),the Hongbang,Hanliu,and Paoge were actually a trinity,and such a point has considerable credibility.By analyzing these four books,we may be able to have a better understanding of Paoge’s origin from a specific perspective and to examine how this organization and its members’view of their own history.

关 键 词：卫大法师 袍哥的起源 洪门 红帮 

分 类 号：D691.9[政治法律—政治学] K29[政治法律—中外政治制度]