肃南大长岭墓主为西突厥可汗阿史那俀子考  

Textual Research on that the Owner of the Changling Tomb in Southern Gansu Province is the Khan of the West Tujue-Ashina tuizi

作　　者：王万平 杨富学[2] Wang Wanping;Yang Fuxue

机构地区：[1]大理大学马克思主义学院,云南大理671003 [2]敦煌研究院人文研究部,甘肃兰州730000

出　　处：《中华文化论坛》2023年第2期4-14,184,共12页Journal of Chinese Culture

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目“白马藏人古歌搜集、整理与研究”(项目编号:18BMZ042);大理大学“滇西民族团结与边疆发展创新团队”建设项目(项目编号:SKLX2020307);国家民委重点项目“敦煌历史文化中的各民族交往交流交融研究”(项目编号:2021-GMA-004)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：肃南大长岭墓葬为隋唐时期的少数民族墓葬。由于墓葬清理时未发现墓碑和墓志,而该墓呈现出吐蕃、吐谷浑、突厥和汉族等多民族文化特征,所以学界对该墓葬的民族属性一直众说纷纭,形成“吐蕃说”和“突厥说”等多种观点。唐代的肃南一带为吐蕃、吐谷浑聚居区,非突厥文化流行区,但墓葬所出文物很多具有明显突厥文化因素,尤其墓内所出八把刀有可能代表西突厥的八姓;十支箭可能代表西突厥的十部,故而推测墓主有可能为逃至河西走廊吐谷浑聚居区的西突厥首领。综观突厥汗国历史,最符合这一条件的是西突厥可汗阿史那俀子,此人长期与吐蕃联手袭扰唐朝,被吐蕃册封为掌管西突厥十部的“十姓可汗”,与唐朝所册封的突厥“兴昔亡可汗”相颉颃。700年,阿史那俀子袭扰碎叶,失败后不知所终,最有可能的去处就是投奔吐蕃,寄籍吐谷浑,卒后由当地深受吐蕃与汉文化影响的吐谷浑人瘗埋。殉葬品规格很高,却被草草瘗埋,且周边没有陪葬墓,墓道面向东方,这些条件特别符合流亡君主的身份。The Dachangling tomb is the grave of the ethnic group during the period of the Sui-Tang Dynasties.Because archaeologists didn't find the tombstone or epitaph in their clearance work,but the tomb and the unearthed relics present multicultural features of different peoples like Tubo,Tuyuhun,Tujue,even Han people,which leads to opinions vary and no unanimous conclusion about its ethnicity can be drawn in academic circles.Among the viewpoints,views such as Tubo theory and Tujue theory were formed.The area around southern Gansu in the Tang Dynasty was inhabited by Tubo and Tuyuhun,which was not the living place of Tujue people,therefore,it's not an area where Tujue culture was endemic,but many of the cultural relics excavated in the tomb have obvious Tujue cultural factors,especially the eight swords which may represent the eight Tujue families,and the ten arrows may represent the ten tribes of the west Tujue.Thus,the writer can deduce that the owner of this tomb may be the leader of the West Tujue who fled to Hexi Corridor which is the agglomeration of Tujuhun people.Surveying the history of Tujue Khaganate,the leader who best meets this condition is the West Tujue Khan Ashinatuizi,this person had been joining the forces with Tubo to harass the Tang empire for a long time,and was canonized by Tubo as the Khans of the Ten Surnamed who was in charge of the ten West Tujue tribes,he led his forces to antagonize the Xingxiwang Khan canonized by the Tang emperor.700A.D,Ashinatuizi Khan attacked Cuiye city,but failed and disappeared,nowhere to find him.But the most likely place for him to escape is Tubo,sojourned in Tuyunhun people's living place and after his death,he was buried by Tuyunhun people who was deeply influenced by the cultures of Tubo and Han.The burial items symbolize a high rank but was hastily buried and there are no accompanying tombs around it,the corridor of the tomb is orientation,which is particularly in accord with the status of an exiled monarch.

关 键 词：大长岭墓地 西突厥 阿史那俀子 吐蕃 吐谷浑 汉文化 

分 类 号：K878.8[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学] K289[历史地理—历史学]