基于情境意识模型的高速公路出口区域逐级限速方案研究  

Research on the successive-stage speed limit design at freeway exit area based on situation awareness model

作　　者：杨艳群[1,2] 陈铭 樵婷 郑新夷[2,4] YANG Yan-qun;CHEN Ming;QIAO Ting;ZHENG Xin-yi(College of Civil Engineering,Fuzhou University,Fuzhou 350116,China;Joint International Research Laborato-ry on Traffic Psychology&Behaviors,Fuzhou University,Fuzhou 350116,China;Fujian University of Technolo-gy,Fuzhou 350118,China;College of Arts and Human Science,Fuzhou University,Fuzhou 350116,China)

机构地区：[1]福州大学,土木工程学院,福州350116 [2]福州大学,交通心理与行为国际联合实验室,福州350116 [3]福建工程学院,福州350118 [4]福州大学,人文社会科学院,福州350116

出　　处：《交通运输工程与信息学报》2023年第2期66-78,共13页Journal of Transportation Engineering and Information

基　　金：福建省社科基金项目(2021B062)。

摘　　要：为分析高速公路出口区域限速方案的效果,研究提出了逐级限速方案(一级限速、二级限速、三级限速),并开展不同交通流情况下的驾驶模拟实验。引入情境意识理论(Situation Awareness,SA)和ACT-R认知理论从驾驶人角度对逐级限速方案进行研究,建立了道路交通驾驶人SA的定量计算模型,通过与情境意识全面评估技术(SAGAT)结果的对比,评估出SA定量计算模型的有效性。结果表明:(1)在自由流状态下,车辆在分流鼻端的速度分别超过限速13.4 km/h(一级限速)、7.4 km/h(二级限速)、4.0 km/h(三级限速),在不稳定流状态下则超过9.7 km/h(一级限速)、6.2 km/h(二级限速)、1.7 km/h(三级限速);(2)交通量一定时,随着限速次数增加,驾驶人的SA水平提高,事故的可能性下降,其中三级限速方案是考虑驾驶人SA的最佳方案;(3)瞳孔面积和平均扫视频率可作为衡量SA的眼动行为指标,分流鼻端速度可作为衡量SA的操纵绩效指标。In this study,three successive-stage speed limit designs(level-1 speed limit,level-2 speed limit,and level-3 speed limit)were devised,and driving simulation experiments were performed un-der different traffic flows to analyze the effect of the speed limit design of a freeway exit area.The sit-uation awareness(SA)and ACT-R cognitive theory were introduced to study the successive-stage speed limit from the driver’s perspective,and a quantitative model of the driver’s SA was estab-lished.Subsequently,the effectiveness of the SA model was evaluated by comparing its results with those of the situation awareness global assessment techniques(SAGAT).The results show that(1)For free flow,the shunt nose speed exceeds the level-1 speed limit of 13.4 km/h,level-2 speed limit of 7.4 km/h,and level-3 speed limit of 4.0 km/h;and for unsteady flow,it exceeds level-1 speed limit of 9.7 km/h,level-2 speed limit of 6.2 km/h,and level-3 speed limit of 1.7 km/h.(2)When the traffic volume is fixed,as the number of speed limits increases,the driver’s SA increases and the possibility of accident decreases.Therefor,the three-level speed limit design is the best design considering driv-er’s SA.(3)The pupil area and average saccade frequency can be used as eye movement behavior in-dicator,and the shunt nose speed can be used as a maneuver performance indicator when measuring the SA.

关 键 词：交通工程 逐级限速 情境意识 驾驶模拟 眼动特征 

分 类 号：U491.25[交通运输工程—交通运输规划与管理]