论破产案件司法审查的正当程序——以破产程序理想型为对象  

On Due Process in Judicial Review in Bankruptcy:Ideal Type of Bankruptcy Procedure

作　　者：吴英姿 WU Yingzi(School of Law,Nanjing Normal University,Nanjing 210023,China)

机构地区：[1]南京师范大学法学院,江苏南京210023

出　　处：《浙江工商大学学报》2023年第2期34-47,共14页Journal of Zhejiang Gongshang University

基　　金：江苏省社会科学基金后期资助项目“民事诉讼略式程序研究”(21HQ020)。

摘　　要：破产程序的性质决定了破产程序的运行机理和程序规则设置。破产法律关系中没有纯粹的法律事实,按照非讼程序规制破产程序的正当性不足。破产法律关系不同于普通诉讼程序法律关系,且普通程序周期长、成本高,不契合破产制度目标。破产制度实现债权公平受偿的目的、破产案件对简便迅速裁判的强烈需求,以及破产程序“债权人自治原则+管理人中心主义”的结构,决定了略式程序法理与破产案件的正当程序要求高度匹配。为了确保破产程序的正当性,必须遵守略式程序最低限度程序保障要求,保障当事人的法定听审权。对破产程序裁定宜采用“异议—撤销”或“复议—更正”等即时纠错的方法进行救济。当事人应当向上一级法院提出异议或申请复议,构建起上级法院对下级法院破产司法审查权的监督与指导机制。The nature of the bankruptcy procedure determines the operation mechanism and the setting of procedural rules.There are no pure legal facts in the legal relationship of bankruptcy,and the legitimacy of non-litigation proceedings is insufficient.The legal relationship of bankruptcy is different from the legal relationship of ordinary litigation procedure,and the ordinary procedure cycle is long and the cost is high,which does not fit the goal of the bankruptcy system.The purpose of the bankruptcy system to realize the fair compensation of creditor's rights,the strong demand for simple and quick judgment of bankruptcy cases,and the structure of“creditor autonomy principle+administrator center”determines that the summary procedure principle is highly consistent with the due process requirements of bankruptcy judicial review.In order to ensure the legitimacy of the insolvency process,the summary process minimum procedural guarantee requirements must be observed,and the legal hearing right of the parties must be guaranteed.For the ruling of bankruptcy proceedings,the immediate error correction methods such as“objection-cancellation”or“reconsideration-correction”should be adopted.The party concerned shall raise an objection or apply for reconsideration to the court at the next higher level,so as to realize the supervision and guidance of the superior court over the judicial review power of the bankruptcy of the lower court.

关 键 词：破产程序理想型 程序相称 略式程序 破产司法审查权 《企业破产法》修改 

分 类 号：D915.2[政治法律—诉讼法学]