刑事诉讼涉案财物管理的改革模式与路径选择  

Reform Mode and Path Choice of Property Management Involved in Criminal Proceedings

作　　者：江佳佳[1] Jiang Jiajia

机构地区：[1]四川大学法学院

出　　处：《地方立法研究》2023年第3期113-130,共18页Local Legislation Journal

摘　　要：涉案财物跨部门集中统一管理改革以来,实践大体形成了公安代管、公检法共管、行政机关管理和社会主体托管四种管理样态,其各有优劣且均面临改革正当性争议。应当以赋权管理作为改革的正当性基础,并遵循外部独立性和中立客观性原则。然因集中管理中心实际管理主体不同,四种管理样态在定位特性匹配和改革效果呈现等方面存在差异。以管理主体是否独立于公检法为标准,可将其类分为内部统一管理和外部分离管理两种模式。经比较,内部统一管理主体未跳出公检法内部圈层,欠缺独立性与中立性,与赋权管理内在逻辑不能自洽。相反,外部分离管理主体与公检法不产生交集,改革具备正当性基础;赋权第三方主体管理更能优化配置资源,有效提升司法效益;模式运行虽具风险但可合理规制,改革具有实践可行性,是未来涉案财物管理改革的适宜路径。Since the reform of cross-departmental centralized and unified management on property involved in criminal proceedings,practice has generally formed four management styles as supervised by different kinds organs,namely public security escrow,co-management of public security,procuratorate and the court,administrative agency management and social entity trusteeship,each with its own advantages and disadvantages.All of them are facing controversies over the legitimacy of reform.Empowerment management should be taken as the legitimate basis for reform,and follow the principles of external independence and neutral objectivity.However,due to the different actual management subject of the centralized management center,the four management styles have differences in the matching of positioning characteristics and the presentation of reform effects.Regarding whether the management subject is independent of the three organs of public security,procuratorate and the court respectively as the standard,the four management styles can be divided into internal unified management mode and external separated management mode.Comparing the two models,because the management subject of the internal unified management mode has the same scope as the three organs,it lacks independence and neutrality,and cannot be self-consistent with the internal logic of empowerment management.On the contrary,since the scope of the management subject of the external separated management mode is completely separated from the scope of the three organs,the reform has a legitimate foundation.Empowering the third-party subject to manage can optimize resource allocation and effectively improve judicial efficiency.Although the operation of this model is risky,it can be regulated reasonably,and the reform is practically feasible.It can be said that the external separated management model is an appropriate choice for the future reform path of the property management involved in criminal proceedings.

关 键 词：涉案财物 赋权管理 集中管理 跨部门 财产权保障 

分 类 号：D925.2[政治法律—诉讼法学]