晚年阿尔都塞的理论改造及其理论效应  

Althusser's Theoretical Transformation in His Late Years and Its Theoretical Effect

作　　者：唐瑭[1,2] Tang Tang

机构地区：[1]厦门大学哲学系 [2]厦门大学习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想研究中心

出　　处：《马克思主义哲学研究》2022年第2期191-201,共11页Marxist Philosophical Research

基　　金：国家社科项目《国外“政治马克思主义”研究》(项目批准号:21BKS130)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：晚年的阿尔都塞到底是马克思主义者还是偶然唯物主义者是学界的一桩公案,学界争论的焦点在于如何理解晚年阿尔都塞对马克思主义的理论改造。从欧洲共产主义实践来看,阿尔都塞的理论改造针对的是西方马克思主义的理论实践危机。从历史哲学到历史科学,从“辩证唯物主义”到“偶然唯物主义”,阿尔都塞试图解决马克思主义理论中的一般与个别的难题。他借助斯宾诺莎的“第三种知识”重释了一般与个别的关系。通过这样的理论改造,阿尔都塞希望能解决西方马克思主义的理论危机,为欧洲共产主义运动提供理论实践的方案。但是,这一理论改造却是对其早年理论主义的矫枉过正,改变了西方马克思主义理论具体化的路径,对国外马克思主义的发展产生了一定的影响。Whether Althusser was a Marxist or a materialist of encounter in his late years has become a public case in the academic circles.The focus of the academic debate is how to understand Althusser's theoretical transformation of Marxism in his late years.From the perspective of practice of Eurocommunism,Althusser's theoretical transformation is aimed at the theoretical and practical crisis of Western Marxism.From the philosophy of history to the science of history,from“dialectical materialism”to“materialism of encounter”,Althusser tried to solve the problem of the general and the individual in Marxist theory.He reinterpreted the relationship between the general and the individual with the third kind of knowledge of Spinoza.Through such theoretical transformation,Althusser hopes to solve the theoretical crisis of Western Marxism and provide a theoretical and practical scheme for the movement of Eurocommunism.However,this theoretical transformation is an overcorrection of his early theorism.It has changed the path of the realization of Western Marxist theory and had a certain impact on the development of Marxism abroad.

关 键 词：阿尔都塞 历史科学 偶然唯物主义 斯宾诺莎 

分 类 号：B565.59[哲学宗教—外国哲学]