非线性弹性地震学研究进展与展望  

Research progress and prospect of nonlinear elastic seismology

作　　者：柏韩 冯晅[1,2,3] 刘乾 侯贺晟 安娅菲[1] BAI Han;FENG Xuan;LIU Qian;HOU HeSheng;AN YaFei(College of Geoexploration Science and Technology,Jilin University,Changchun 130026,China;Key Laboratory of Applied Geophysics,Ministry of Natural Resources,Changchun 130026,China;Key Laboratory of Geophysical Exploration Equipment,Ministry of Education,Changchun 130026,China;Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing 100037,China)

机构地区：[1]吉林大学地球探测科学与技术学院,长春130026 [2]自然资源部应用地球物理重点实验室,长春130026 [3]地球信息探测仪器教育部重点实验室,长春130026 [4]中国地质科学院,北京100037

出　　处：《地球物理学进展》2023年第2期513-531,共19页Progress in Geophysics

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41974129);中国地质调查局地质调查项目(DD20190010);国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFC1523400)联合资助。

摘　　要：非线性弹性地震学是基于岩石非线性弹性关系的地震波传播理论,也是当前地球物理学一个前沿的研究领域.该研究不依赖于线性胡克定律,而是通过实验探究和理论推导的方式来构建非线性弹性本构关系,并以此为基础建立非线性波动方程,进一步探究岩石非线性弹性的成因以及非线性弹性参数的本质机制.与传统理论相比,非线性弹性地震学所依赖的本构关系具有更高的精确性,更符合岩石实际的应力-应变响应,在微小结构探测方面也具有更高的精度.近年来,随着该研究的不断深入,静态、准静态、动态共振、以及共传播超声波实验方法都得到了迅速发展,本构关系和波动方程的推导也取得了进展,同时此方法在野外地震观测和地球大范围尺度非线性弹性的研究中也开始了应用尝试.总之,在过去几十年非线性弹性地震学得到了快速的发展,取得了丰富的成果,然而各研究方向成果分散,缺乏系统性认识.因此为了便于将来更好的开展研究,我们系统总结了实验观测方法、非线性本构关系建立、波动方程推导、实际地震资料应用等方面的研究进展,并结合当前的研究现状预期了未来可行的发展方向.Nonlinear elastic seismology is a theory of seismic wave propagation based on the nonlinear elastic relationship of rocks. It is also a frontier research field of geophysics. This study does not rely on linear Hooke's law, but constructs nonlinear elastic constitutive relations through experimental exploration and theoretical derivation, and establishes nonlinear wave equations on this basis to further explore the cause of rock nonlinear elasticity and the essential mechanism of nonlinear elastic parameters. Compared with the traditional linear elastic theory, the nonlinear elastic constitutive relationship relied on by nonlinear elastic seismology has higher accuracy and is more in line with the actual stress-strain response of rock. It also shows advantages in the detection accuracy of micro structures that the traditional theory does not have. In recent years, with the deepening of this research, static, quasi-static, dynamic resonance and co-propagating ultrasonic experimental methods have developed rapidly, and the derivation of constitutive relations and wave equations has also made progress. At the same time, this method has also begun to be applied in field seismic observation and the study of large-scale nonlinear elasticity of the earth. In short, in the past, nonlinear elastic seismology has developed rapidly and achieved rich results. However, the results of various research directions are scattered and lack of systematic understanding. Therefore, in order to facilitate better research in the future, we systematically summarized the research progress in experimental observation methods, establishment of nonlinear constitutive relations, derivation of wave equations, application of actual seismic data, and predicted the feasible development direction in the future in combination with the current research status. It can be expected that with the further research,nonlinear elastic seismology will play an important role in practical application as well as the traditional theory.

关 键 词：非线性弹性 本构关系 波动方程 实验方法分类 野外观测 

分 类 号：P315[天文地球—地震学]