植物细胞外囊泡及其分析技术的进展  

Advances in Plant Extracellular Vesicles and Analysis Techniques

作　　者：张雪萍 鲁雨晴[1,2] 张月倩 李晓娟 ZHANG Xue-ping;LU Yu-qing;ZHANG Yue-qian;LI Xiao-juan(College of Biological Sciences and Technology,Beijing Forestry University,National Engineering Technology Center for Forest Breeding and Ecological Restoration,Key Laboratory of Forest and Flower Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Education,Beijing 100083;Institute of Tree Development and Gene Editing,Beijing Forestry University,Beijing 100083)

机构地区：[1]北京林业大学生物科学与技术学院、林木育种与生态修复国家工程技术中心、林木花卉遗传育种教育部重点实验室,北京100083 [2]北京林业大学树木发育与基因编辑研究院,北京100083

出　　处：《生物技术通报》2023年第5期32-43,共12页Biotechnology Bulletin

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(91954202,31871349);北京林业大学科技创新计划项目(2019JQ03003)。

摘　　要：细胞外囊泡是细胞在生理和病理条件下通过胞吐作用释放的具有磷脂双分子层结构的纳米级囊泡。细胞外囊泡作为蛋白质、核酸、脂质和代谢物等物质的载体,能够在细胞与细胞之间穿梭,行使物质传递、信息交流的功能,是细胞间通讯的重要媒介。近年来,植物中细胞外囊泡的研究也不断深入,其研究和分析技术也取得了很大进展。本文介绍了细胞外囊泡的组成,综述了植物中细胞外囊泡的生物学功能,分析了细胞外囊泡分离与富集方法的优缺点,以及原位成像技术的应用,最后对植物细胞外囊泡研究技术发展的重点进行了展望。Extracellular vesicles(EVs)are nanoscale vesicles with a phospholipid bilayer structure released by cells through exocytosis under physiological and pathological conditions.EVs,as carriers of information such as proteins,nucleic acids,lipids,and metabolites,can shuttle between cells to play function of material transfer and information exchange,thus they are important for intercellular communication.In recent years,the research of EVs in plant has also been deepening,and there have been great progress in their research and analysis technologies.In this review,we briefly introduce the composition of extracellular vesicles.Then we summarize the current progress in the biological functions of EVs in plants.Furthermore,we analyze the advantages and disadvantages of EV isolation and enrichment methods,as well as the application of EVs in situ imaging technology.Finally,we prospect the potential technologies for the research of plant EVs.

关 键 词：细胞外囊泡 功能 分离方法 原位检测 

分 类 号：R73[医药卫生—肿瘤]