四倍体水稻回复二倍体品系的籼粳属性鉴定和杂种优势利用初探  

Indica-japonica attribute identification and heterosis utilization of diploid rice lines reverted from tetraploid rice

作　　者：宋兆建[1] 冯紫旖 屈天歌 吕品苍 杨晓璐 湛明月 张献华[1] 何玉池[1] 刘育华 蔡得田[1,2] SONG Zhao-Jian;FENG Zi-Yi;QU Tian-Ge;LYU Pin-Cang;YANG Xiao-Lu;ZHAN Ming-Yue;ZHANG Xian-Hua;HE Yu-Chi;LIU Yu-Hua;CAI De-Tian(School of Life Sciences,Hubei University,Wuhan 430062,Hubei,China;Wuhan Polyploid Biotechnology Co.,Ltd.,Wuhan 430345,Hubei,China)

机构地区：[1]湖北大学生命科学学院,湖北武汉430062 [2]武汉多倍体生物科技有限公司,湖北武汉430345

出　　处：《作物学报》2023年第8期2039-2050,共12页Acta Agronomica Sinica

基　　金：湖北省重点研发计划项目(2020BBA032);武汉市重大科技专项和武汉市品牌农业发展计划项目资助。

摘　　要：本研究以8个四倍体水稻回复二倍体品系为材料,采用InDel分子标记法鉴定其籼粳属性;同时以回复二倍体品系为父本,分别与籼稻光温敏雄性不育系培矮64S、粳稻光温敏雄性不育系农垦58S配制杂交组合,进行亲本及杂种的遗传距离及聚类分析,考察杂种及其父本的产量相关性状,分析杂种的超父本优势、超标优势;另外,对亲本遗传距离与杂种优势的相关性进行分析,探讨利用亲本遗传距离预测杂种优势的可行性。结果表明:(1)回复二倍体品系的籼型基因频率分布在0.605~0.947之间,所有品系都兼有籼稻和粳稻遗传成分,但籼粳成分比例各不相同。(2)回复二倍体品系和培矮64S之间的遗传距离在0.21~0.42之间,回复二倍体品系和农垦58S之间的遗传距离在0.68~0.95之间;籼粳属性相同或相近的材料聚为一类,清晰显示了材料间的亲缘关系。(3)回复二倍体品系的杂种优势利用需要广亲和基因的参与,以具有广亲和基因的培矮64S为母本配制的杂交组合在单株有效穗数、每穗总粒数和每穗实粒数方面超父本优势和超标优势明显;在综合后的单株产量上8个杂交组合都表现出超父本优势和超标优势,尤其是杂交组合HYP2单株产量超标优势突出,高达45.92%。(4)亲本遗传距离与杂种F1的每穗总粒数和单株产量呈显著正相关,说明InDel遗传距离可以用于杂种优势预测。研究证实了籼粳亚种间四倍体水稻的回复二倍体品系兼有籼稻和粳稻遗传成分,遗传多样性丰富,利用这些回复二倍体品系能够配制出超强杂种优势组合,为通过以籼粳中间型品系与广亲和光温敏雄性不育系配组实现籼粳亚种间杂种优势利用提供了理论依据和参考;同时初步证实了“以多倍体为变异载体选育回复二倍体水稻”育种途径的可行性,为水稻育种提供了新的思路和途径。In this study,the indica-japonica attribute of eight reverted diploid lines were identified by InDel molecular marker.The hybrid combinations were made between the reverted diploid lines and photoperiod-and thermo-sensitive genic male sterile lines Peiai 64S(indica)and Nongken 58S(japonica),respectively.The genetic distance and cluster analysis of the parents and hybrids were carried out,the yield related traits of the hybrids and the male parents were investigated,then the over male parent heterosis and the competitive heterosis of the hybrids were analyzed.In addition,the correlation between parental genetic distance and the heterosis was analyzed to explore the feasibility of using parental genetic distance to predict heterosis.The results showed as follows:(1)The indica gene frequency of the reverted diploid lines ranged from 0.605 to 0.947.All lines had both indica and japonica genetic components,but the proportions of indica and japonica components were different from each other.(2)The genetic distance between the reverted diploid lines and Pei’ai 64S were 0.21–0.42,and that between the reverted diploid lines and Nongken 58S were 0.68–0.95.The materials with the same or similar indica-japonica attribute were clustered together,which clearly showed the genetic relationship between the materials.(3)The heterosis utilization of the reverted diploid lines needed the participation of wide compatibility genes.The hybrid combinations made between Peiai 64S that had wide compatibility gene and the reverted diploid lines had obvious over male parent heterosis and competitive heterosis in the effective panicle number per plant,the total grain number per panicle,and the filled grain number per panicle.In the yield per plant,eight hybrid combinations all showed over male parent heterosis and competitive heterosis,especially the yield per plant of HYP2 was prominent,up to 45.92%.(4)The genetic distance of parents was significantly positively correlated with the total grain number per panicle and the yield per plan

关 键 词：水稻 多倍体 回复二倍体 INDEL 籼粳属性 遗传距离 杂种优势 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学]