苜蓿干草与燕麦干草及其混合饲喂对哺乳期牦牛犊牛复胃组织形态和消化酶活性的影响  

Effects of Alfalfa Hay,Oat Hay and Their Mixed Feeding on Compound Stomach Morphology and Digestive Enzyme Activities of Yak Calves during Lactation Period

作　　者：周亚楠 刘书杰[1] 杨得玉 张晓卫[1] 冯宇哲[1] 崔占鸿[1] ZHOU Yanan;LIU Shujie;YANG Deyu;ZHANG Xiaowei;FENG Yuzhe;CUI Zhanhong(Key Laboratory of Plateau Grazing Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Qinghai Province,Yak Engineering Technology Research Center of Qinghing Province,Ministry of Ariculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Forage-Feed of Grazing Yak and Tibetan Sheep in Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau,Academy of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences,Qinghai University,Xining 810016,China)

机构地区：[1]青海大学畜牧兽医科学院,农业农村部青藏高原放牧牦牛藏羊动物营养与饲草料重点实验室,青海省牦牛工程技术研究中心,青海省高原放牧家畜动物营养与饲料科学重点实验室,西宁810016

出　　处：《动物营养学报》2023年第5期3141-3153,共13页CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANIMAL NUTRITION

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(32260853);青海省重大科技专项(2021-NK-A5)。

摘　　要：本试验旨在探究苜蓿干草与燕麦干草及其混合饲喂对哺乳期牦牛犊牛复胃组织形态和消化酶活性的影响。选取21只体重相近、健康的45日龄牦牛犊牛(公),随机分为3组,即AH组(代乳粉+开食料+苜蓿干草)、OH组(代乳粉+开食料+燕麦干草)和AO组(代乳粉+开食料+苜蓿干草+燕麦干草,苜蓿干草∶燕麦干草=1∶1),每组7头。饲粮精粗比为3∶7。预试期21 d,正试期120 d。结果表明:1)AO组终末体重、瘤胃重、网胃重、瓣胃重、皱胃重显著高于AH组和OH组(P<0.05)。2)AO组瘤胃的乳头宽度、肌层厚度、黏膜上皮厚度、黏膜下层厚度、浆膜层厚度极显著高于AH组和OH组(P<0.01)。3)AO组网胃的黏膜上皮厚度、乳头宽度、肌层厚度显著高于AH组和OH组(P<0.05),黏膜下层厚度、乳头高度、浆膜层厚度极显著高于AH组和OH组(P<0.01)。4)AO组瓣胃的肌层厚度显著高于AH组和OH组(P<0.05),黏膜上皮厚度、黏膜下层厚度、乳头宽度、乳头高度、浆膜层厚度极显著高于AH组和OH组(P<0.01)。5)AO组皱胃的黏膜上皮厚度、黏膜肌层厚度显著高于AH组和OH组(P<0.05),黏膜下层厚度、肌层厚度、浆膜层厚度极显著高于AH组和OH组(P<0.01)。6)在瘤胃中,AO组纤维素酶、淀粉酶和木聚糖酶活性极显著高于AH组和OH组(P<0.01),内切葡聚糖酶活性显著高于AH组和OH组(P<0.05);在网胃中,AO组脂肪酶活性极显著高于AH组和OH组(P<0.01),纤维素酶和胃蛋白酶活性显著高于AH组和OH组(P<0.05);在瓣胃中,AO组脂肪酶活性极显著高于AH组和OH组(P<0.01),纤维素酶和氨基肽酶活性显著高于AH组和OH组(P<0.05);在皱胃中,AO组凝乳酶活性极显著高于AH组和OH组(P<0.01)。由此可见,牦牛犊牛在饲喂代乳粉和开食料的基础上,相比单一饲喂苜蓿干草或燕麦干草的饲粮,饲喂苜蓿干草和燕麦干草组合的饲粮更有利于哺乳期牦牛犊牛复胃发育和消化酶的分泌。The purpose of this experiment was to investigate the effects of alfalfa hay,oat hay and their mixed feeding on compound stomach morphology and digestive enzyme activities of yak calves during lactation period.Twenty-one healthy 45-day-old yak calves(males)with similar body weight were randomly divided into 3 groups:AH group(milk replacer+starter+alfalfa hay),OH group(milk replacer+starter+oat hay)and AO group(milk replacer+starter+alfalfa hay+oat hay,alfalfa hay∶oat hay=1∶1),each group contained 7 calves.The dietary roughage to concentrate ratio was 3∶7.The pre-experimental period lasted for 21 days,and the experimental period lasted for 120 days.The results showed as follows:1)the final body weight,rumen weight,reticulum weight,omasum weight and abomasum weight of AO group were significantly higher than those of AH and OH groups(P<0.05).2)The papillary width,muscular layer thickness,mucosal epithelium thickness,submucous layer thickness and plasma membrane layer thickness in rumen of AO group were extremely significantly higher those of AH and OH groups(P<0.01).3)The mucosal epithelium thickness papillary width and muscular layer thickness in reticulum of AO group were significantly higher than those of AH and OH groups(P<0.05),and the submucous layer,thickness papillary length and plasma membrane layer thickness were extremely significantly higher than those of AH and OH groups(P<0.01).4)The muscular layer thickness in omasum of AO group was significantly higher than that of AH and OH groups(P<0.05),and the mucosal epithelium thickness,submucous layer thickness,papillary width,papillary length and plasma membrane layer thickness were extremely significantly higher than those of AH and OH groups(P<0.01).5)The mucosal epithelium thickness and mucosal muscle layer thickness in abomasum of AO group were significantly higher than those of AH and OH groups(P<0.05),and the submucous layer thickness,muscular layer,thickness and plasma membrane layer thickness were extremely significantly higher than those of AH

关 键 词：牦牛犊牛 苜蓿干草 燕麦干草 复胃 组织形态 消化酶 

分 类 号：S823[农业科学—畜牧学]