虚拟学习环境下空间位置记忆认知负荷的影响因素研究  

Research on the Influencing Factors of Cognitive Load of Spatial Location Memory in Virtual Learning Environment

作　　者：张玲燕 卓铎涛 林伟婷 吴天生 陈丽君 ZHANG Lingyan;ZHUO Duotao;LIN Weiting;WU Tiansheng;CHEN Lijun(School of Educational Science,Guangdong Polytechnic Normal University,Guangzhou 510665,China)

机构地区：[1]广东技术师范大学教育科学学院,广州510665

出　　处：《心理技术与应用》2023年第6期336-346,共11页Psychology(Techniques and Applications)

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究规划基金项目“虚拟感知整合认知负荷的多维测评与优化控制研究”(18YJA880005)。

摘　　要：虚拟学习环境具有高沉浸性和逼真感特征,丰富的感知刺激带来更真实的感知体验,但也易造成认知加工负荷超载。研究基于双任务范式,考察次任务感觉通道、空间位置数量和呈现时间三个因素对学习者虚拟空间位置记忆认知负荷的影响。结果发现,在任务难度较高时,触觉通道能适当降低主观认知负荷;空间位置数量的增加会带来主观认知负荷(心理努力和任务难度)的显著提升;在0.7s的呈现时间下,学习者得以在加工主任务之余,较好地完成次任务。研究建议,在设计虚拟学习环境时,可以利用跨通道优势效应提高加工效率;控制虚拟环境学习单元呈现的信息数量(不超过四个);为虚拟空间学习者留出0.7s左右较为充裕的加工时间。Multisensory integrated virtual space has the characteristics of high immersion and sense of reality.But the abundance of stimulus may also bring cognition overload to the learners.In the present study,the influence of sub-sensory channel,space location number and presentation time on cognitive load were examined,using dual task paradigm.The results showed that(1)Information presented by tactile channel reduced subjective cognitive load when the task difficulty was high.(2)With the increase of the number of processing spatial position,the subjective cognitive load(psychological effort and task difficulty evaluation)enhanced.(3)0.7s was a relative long enough duration for learners to process sub-tasks after main task processing.The findings suggest that cross channel advantage can be used to improve processing efficiency in virtual space;the number of processing objects in virtual space should not be more than 4;at least 0.7s should be arranged to guarantee VR learning effect.

关 键 词：虚拟学习环境 认知负荷 空间位置 多感知整合 跨通道优势效应 

分 类 号：G446[哲学宗教—心理学]