稻渔综合种养对成都平原水稻产量和稻米品质的影响  

Effects of rice-fish coculture system on rice yield,appearance and eating quality in Chengdu Plain

作　　者：郑盛华[1] 万柯均 陈红琳[1] 陈尚洪[1] 廖武 杨泽鹏 沈学善[1] 刘定辉[1] ZHENG Sheng-hua;WAN Ke-jun;CHEN Hong-lin;CHEN Shang-hong;UAO Wu;YANG Ze-peng;SHEN Xue-shan;LIU Ding-hui(Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment/Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment in Southwest Mountain Areas of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Chengdu 610066,China;Agriculture and Rural Afiairs Bureau of Shehong,Shehong,Sichuan 629200,China)

机构地区：[1]四川省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所/农业农村部西南山地农业环境重点实验室,成都610066 [2]射洪市农业农村局,四川射洪629200

出　　处：《西南农业学报》2023年第4期701-705,共5页Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：成都市技术创新研发项目(2019-YF05-00129-SN);四川省农业科学院“1+9”揭榜挂帅科技攻关项目(1+9KJGG005);成都农业科技中心地方财政专项资金项目(NASC2021ST04)。

摘　　要：【目的】研究稻渔综合种养对成都平原水稻产量、外观和食味品质的影响,为成都平原稻田绿色综合种养和优质稻米生产提供理论依据。【方法】于2020-2021年在成都市崇州现代都市农业功能区选择4个不同稻渔综合种养示范点,以临近的常规水稻田为对照,测定稻米产量和垩白粒率、垩白度、胶稠度、直链淀粉、蛋白质等品质指标。【结果】稻渔综合种养田水稻产量2020年A3、A4样点显著高于CK,其他样点差异不显著。从产量构成因素看,产量差异主要体现在有效穗数、穗粒数和结实率。与常规稻田对照相比,稻渔综合种养田稻米的垩白粒率和垩白度显著降低。部分样点稻渔综合种养田显著降低了稻米的胶稠度,提高了直链淀粉含量,大部分样点稻米蛋白质含量有升高趋势。稻渔综合种养模式下,不同稻米品种的蛋白质含量表现出较大差异。其中2021年样点A1水稻品种川康优丝苗的蛋白质含量较CK显著降低,表现出品质改善的趋势。但是样点A3的水稻品种锦香优丝苗和A4的水稻品种宜香优2115的蛋白质含量,较CK显著增高。【结论】成都平原稻渔综合种养水稻产量较常规稻田显著提高或基本持平,显著提高了稻米的外观品质,未明显提高稻米食味品质。选择搭配适宜的水稻品种,并优化肥水管理可能是提升稻渔综合种养下稻米食味品质的有效途径。【Objective】To provide reference for green development and high-quality rice production in Chengdu Plain,the effects on yield,appearance and eating quality of rice in rice-fish coculture system were evaluated.【Method】4 different sites of rice-fish coculture system were selected in Chongzhou modern urban agricultural functional areas from 2020 to 2021,taking the adjacent conventional rice fields as controls.The rice yields and quality indicators were detected,including chalky rate,chalky degree,gel consistency,amylose contents and protein contents.【Result】Firstly,the rice yields of A3 and A4 in 2020 were significantly increased,while there were not significant differences of the other sites.From the perspective of yield components,yield differences were mainly reflected in effective panicle number,spikelet per panicle and grain filling rate.Secondly,the chalky rate and chalky degree of rice-fish coculture system were significantly decreased generally.The gel consistency was significantly decreased,and the amylose contents were significantly increased of some sites.Meanwhile,the protein contents of rice showed an increasing trend in most sites.The protein contents of different rice varieties showed great differences under the rice-fish coculture system.In 2021,the protein contents of A1 rice variety‘Chuankangyousimiao'was significantly lower than CK,showing a trend of improving quality.However,the protein contents of A3 rice variety‘Jinxiangyousimiao'and A4 rice variety‘Yixiangyou2115'were significantly higher than CK.【Conclusion】Compared with conventional paddy fields,the rice yields of rice-fish coculture system were significantly increased or basically the same in Chengdu Plain.And the rice-fish coculture system significantly improved the appearance quality of rice,but did not significantly improve the eating quality of rice in Chengdu Plain.Furthermore,choosing suitable rice varieties and optimizing fertilizer and water management may be effective ways to improve the eating quality of rice

关 键 词：水稻 稻渔综合种养 稻米品质 外观品质 食味品质 

分 类 号：S511.062[农业科学—作物学]