差异时间性:论阿尔都塞历史理论的时间理论基础——兼驳霍耐特与汤普森的批评  

Differential Temporality:On the Theory of Time as the Foundations in Althusser's Theory of History—while presenting a rebuttal to the criticisms of Honneth and Thompson

作　　者：肖柯 XIAO Ke

机构地区：[1]复旦大学哲学学院

出　　处：《当代国外马克思主义评论》2023年第1期313-331,共19页Contemporary Marxism Review

摘　　要：阿尔都塞的《读<资本论>》中,建构了以“差异时间性”为核心的时间理论,从而以新的时间形式回答历史何以可能的问题。阿尔都塞试图为马克思主义历史理论奠定时间理论基础,并提供能够打开未来政治的情势理论。但对“差异时间性”概念的简单理解,使霍耐特认为阿尔都塞放弃了历史连续性,也使汤普森认为阿尔都塞丢弃了历史统一性。在他们看来,阿尔都塞无法获得整全的历史,也无法触及政治情势。事实上,阿尔都塞对“在场”与“缺席”概念的用法与胡塞尔相通,使其能够提供对历史的更加整全性的认识;经由借鉴斯宾诺莎的直观知识理论,阿尔都塞使自己的共时性概念能够为革命情势中的政治决断提供理论支撑。In"Reading Capital",Althusser constructs a theory of time with""differential temporality"as its core,thus answering the question of how history is possible in a new form of time.Althusser attempts to lay a theory of time as the foundation for a Marxisim theory of history and to provide a theory of situations that can open up the politics of the future.But a simple understanding of the concept'of"differential temporality"led Honneth to argue that Althusser had abandoned the continuity of history and Thompson to argue that Althusser had discarded the unity of history.In their view,Althusser could not obtain a complete history and could not touch the political situation.In fact,by adapting Althusser's use of the concepts of"presence"and"absence"is simiar to Husserl's,enabling him to provide a more holistic understanding of history;by drawing on Spinoza's theory of intuitive knowledge,Althusser enables his concept of synchrony to provide theoretical support for political decisions in revolutionary situations.

关 键 词：差异时间性 政治情势 时间理论 历史理论 直观知识 

分 类 号：B565.59[哲学宗教—外国哲学]