“拉格教科书”事件始末  

A Historical Study on “Rugg Textbook Controversy”

作　　者：陈露茜[1] 蔡一诺 王昕璐 CHEN Luxi;CAI Yinuo;WANG Xinlu(Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875)

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学教育学部,100875

出　　处：《教育科学研究》2023年第5期82-88,共7页Educational Science Research

基　　金：全国教育科学“十四五”规划国家一般课题“美国公共教育中的联邦战略研究”(BOA220186)的成果之一。

摘　　要：“拉格教科书”事件指的是哈罗德·拉格在20世纪20年代到40年代“社会科”课程改革中所设计的教科书引起的审查与批判。拉格的“社会科”课程改革是进步主义教育运动中最重要的实验之一,其设计的教科书作为课程改革的重要内容,经历了20世纪20~30年代的编写与大规模推广、30年代末遭遇早期反对、群众抵制活动的兴起、40年代初的大规模撤出,以及各方为“拉格教科书”辩护五个基本的发展阶段。通过梳理“拉格教科书”事件的发展始末,可以发现这一事件的发生受到当时各方面社会因素的影响与推动,“拉格教科书”自身的内容缺陷、社会改造主义的理想化,30~40年代美国国内极端民族主义情绪等因素是拉格“社会科”课程改革失败以及教科书最终被下架的原因。通过对这一争议的历史梳理发现,“拉格教科书”事件并不只是有关文本内容的争议,更体现了政治、经济、文化领域的深刻冲突,美国公共学校中“社会科”改革也成为了保守派等权力关系围绕官方知识与意识形态的战场。The “Rugg Textbook Controversy” refers to the debate on the textbooks designed by Harold Rugg in the social study curriculum reform from the 1920s to the 1940s. Rugg's social study curriculum reform was one of the most important experiments in the Progressive Education Movement. The textbooks he designed, as an important element of the curriculum reform, went through five basic stages of development and orientation during the 20-year period: preparation and mass promotion during 1920s-1930s, early opposition at the end of 1930s, the rise of mass boycotts, mass withdrawal of textbooks in early 1940s, and the defense of Rugg's textbooks. Through the development of the "Rugg Textbook Controversy," it can be found that the content defects of the textbooks, Rugg's idealization of social reconstructionism, and the extreme nationalist sentiment in the United States in the 1930s and 1940s were the reasons for the failure of the " social studies" curriculum reform and the removal of the textbooks. The historical study of this controversy reveals that the lager textbook controversy is not only about the content of the text, but also signifies a more profound conflict in the political, economic, and cultural spheres, and the social study reform has become a battleground for conservatives and other power relations around official knowledge and ideology.

关 键 词：拉格教科书 社会改造主义 “社会科” 

分 类 号：G78[文化科学—教育学]