大科学时代的基础研究、核心技术和综合创新  

Basic Theory,Core Technologies and Synthetic Innovation in the Age of Big Science

作　　者：蔡曙山[1] Cai Shushan

机构地区：[1]清华大学心理学与认知科学研究中心

出　　处：《学术前沿》2023年第9期16-35,共20页Frontiers

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“语言、思维、文化层级的高阶认知研究”,项目编号:15ZDB017;贵州省哲学社会科学规划国学单列重大项目“认知科学与阳明心学的实证研究”的阶段性成果,项目编号:20GZGX10。

摘　　要：大科学就是综合时代的科学与技术、学科知识和人类认知能力的大综合。21世纪的大科学由认知科学、聚合科技引领,呈现一种包含人类五个层级的认知能力,全部人类知识和学科体系,聚合纳米技术、生物技术、信息技术和认知科学,反映人类心智和人工智能协同进化的综合结构。在分析的时代,我们取得了各门学科知识的丰硕成果,但人类知识也被分割得支离破碎;在综合的时代,我们重新将这些学科知识整合成“四部十二门”立体结构,并给交叉综合学科留下充分的发展空间。在此基础上,我们明确了基础学科和基础理论、应用学科和核心技术、科学技术综合创新,并对芯片技术综合创新、数据科学和大数据技术、人工智能与通用智能、意识问题与自主人工智能等一些重要创新领域进行了示例分析。Big science is the comprehension of science and technology,subject knowledge and human cognitive ability in the age of synthesis.Led by cognitive science and converging technologies,big science in the 21st century presents a synthetic structure that includes five levels of human cognitive ability,all human knowledge and discipline systems,converging technologies including nanotechnology,biotechnology,information technology and cognitive science(NBIC),and reflects the co-evolution of human mind and artificial intelligence.In the age of analysis,we have got fruitful achievements in various disciplines of knowledge,but human knowledge is also fragmented.In the age of synthesis,we re-integrate these disciplines into four worlds and twelve gates structure with three-dimensions,and leave sufficient space for the development of cross-synthesis disciplines.Based on this structure,we define basic disciplines and basic theories,applied disciplines and core technologies,synthetic innovation of science and technology and finally,some important synthetic innovation fields such as chip technology,data science and big data technology,AI and GI,consciousness problem and autonomous AI will be analyzed as examples.

关 键 词：大科学时代 基础理论 核心技术 综合创新 

分 类 号：G32[文化科学]