早期维管植物辐射演化与长时间尺度水循环的耦合关系  

Coupling relationship between radiation of early vascular plants and the long-term water cycle

作　　者：薛进庄[1] 李炳鑫 王嘉树 刘乐 黄璞 熊聪慧 沈冰 Jinzhuang Xue;Bingxin Li;Jiashu Wang;Le Liu;Pu Huang;Conghui Xiong;Bing Shen(The Key Laboratory of Orogenic Belts and Crustal Evolution(Ministry of Education),School of Earth and Space Sciences,Peking University,Beijing 100871,China;College of Geoscience and Surveying Engineering,China University of Mining and Technology(Beijing),Beijing 100083,China;Center for Excellence in Life and Paleoenvironment,Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Nanjing 210008,China;Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources in Western China(Gansu Province),School of Earth Sciences,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China)

机构地区：[1]北京大学地球与空间科学学院,造山带与地壳演化教育部重点实验室,北京100871 [2]中国矿业大学(北京)地球科学与测绘工程学院,北京100083 [3]中国科学院南京地质古生物研究所,南京210008 [4]兰州大学地质科学与矿产资源学院,甘肃省西部矿产资源重点实验室,兰州730000

出　　处：《科学通报》2023年第12期1459-1472,共14页Chinese Science Bulletin

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(42130201,41722201)资助。

摘　　要：志留纪-泥盆纪陆地革命以早期维管植物的起源和辐射演化为标志.早期维管植物的繁盛导致形成全新的土壤-植物-大气连续体(soil-plant-atmosphere continuum, SPAC).早期植物在根系、输导组织、气孔、叶片、个体大小和构型等方面的一系列演化革新,深刻改变了SPAC中的水分传输过程与机制.由于根系的进化及其诱导的化学风化作用增强,泥盆纪以来的古土壤厚度逐渐增大、分层结构复杂化、组成成熟度增加、类型多样化.伴随着早期维管植物的演化, SPAC的空间范围极大扩展,生物可利用水资源增多,水分在SPAC中的循环过程更为复杂、高效.早期维管植物的辐射增强了植被-地貌-水循环之间的反馈机制.志留纪晚期以来,植被与水文、地貌、生物地球化学等物理和化学要素相互作用,维管植物型陆-海水文连续体(land-ocean hydrologic continuum, LOHC)形成并逐步发展,内陆水体流域至滨岸体系的地貌稳定性增强,由陆到海的生物地球化学循环、物质供给和迁移体系产生变革.早期维管植物通过SPAC、LOHC系统及其内部过程与全球水、碳循环耦合,表现为稳定的低地生境增多,植物残体和有机质的埋藏学窗口增多,以煤为代表的陆地有机碳埋藏增加,河流运输的陆源有机碳通量增大.目前对早期维管植物SPAC系统的研究,大多是定性描述和推测,如何开展定量研究与机理探讨是未来的重要挑战.从微观、生境、区域到全球的多个空间尺度,研究地质剖面中记录的长时间尺度维管植物型LOHC系统的演变,有助于解析早期植物演化、水-碳循环以及地表环境之间的耦合关系.The origin and diversification of early vascular plants(EVP)contributed to the Silurian-Devonian terrestrial revolution and induced profound changes in continental weathering,erosion and sediment transport systems,and biogeochemical cycles of carbon,nitrogen,phosphorus,and other elements.As a consequence of the diversification of EVP,there emerged distinctive soil-plant-atmosphere continuum(SPAC)systems in different plant groups,including among others the zosterophyllopsids,drepanophycaleans,pseudosporochnaleans,and archaeopteridaleans.Each of these groups has been extensively studied and can be described by different SPAC models.Key innovations that are closely associated with water transport processes,and that involve roots,vascular tissues,stomata,leaves,and body size and architecture,evolved in different groups,leading to more complex and presumably more efficient water cycling in the SPACs.The earliest vascular plants of the Silurian and Early Devonian periods typically show small aboveground stature with shallow roots,although some groups such as zosterophyllopsids and drepanophycaleans are characterized by extensive rhizomatous clonal growth,producing complex and shallow underground rhizome systems.Nevertheless,deeper underground water did not become available to plants until deep roots evolved during the Middle to Late Devonian.Within the evolving SPAC systems,soils from the Early Devonian onward showed increasing thickness and complexity of horizonation,increased maturity in composition,and diversification of soil classes.Forest canopies that first appeared in the Middle Devonian would have had a profound impact on water runoff,evaporation and transpiration.Therefore,the evolution of plants in both their underground and aboveground tissues,as well as their enhanced effects on water cycles and weathering domains,led to a dramatic expansion of the Earth’s Critical Zone.The radiation of EVP enhanced feedbacks among vegetation,geomorphology and water cycles.From the late Silurian onward,the tracheophyte-ty

关 键 词：早期维管植物 泥盆纪 古土壤 土壤-植物-大气连续体 陆-海水文连续体 碳循环 

分 类 号：Q941[生物学—植物学]