旅游地居民相对剥夺感的生成基础:选谁参照?如何比较?  

FOUNDATION OF TOURISM DESTINATION RESIDENTS'RELATIVE DEPRIVATION GENERATION:WHO IS CHOSEN FOR THE REFERENCE?HOW TO COMPARE WITH THEM?

作　　者：潘金玉[1] 杨振之[1,2] 蔡溢 PAN Jin-yu;YANG Zhen-zhi;CAI Yi(Tourism School,Sichuan University,Chengdu 610064,China;China Leisure and Tourism Research Center,Sichuan University,Chengdu 610064,China;School of Business Management,Guizhou University of Finance and Economics,Guiyang 550025,China)

机构地区：[1]四川大学旅游学院,成都610064 [2]四川大学中国休闲与旅游研究中心,成都610064 [3]贵州财经大学工商管理学院,贵阳550025

出　　处：《人文地理》2023年第2期164-171,共8页Human Geography

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(42001154);2022年度贵州财经大学校级项目(2022KYZDA01)。

摘　　要：旅游目的地因利益分配不公等原因导致冲突频发,解决旅游冲突的关键有赖于对旅游地居民相对剥夺感生成的深入研究。相对剥夺感的生成建立在参照选择及社会比较的基础上,但旅游领域却对其缺乏深入的实证探讨和学理研究。研究以磁器口古镇四个社区为例,探究旅游地居民如何进行参照选择并与之进行社会比较。结果发现,旅游地居民的参照选择受圈子文化影响,表现为以自我为中心向外延展的差序圈层结构;现实中旅游地居民倾向于跨越参照圈层选择参照,并与之进行纵向—横向、个体—群体等多维度的比较进而产生多元比较差异;不同旅游地居民的参照比较态度及类型有所差异。通过构建旅游地居民的参照比较理论模型,研究进一步揭示参照比较与其相对剥夺感生成的逻辑关联。Tourism conflicts occur frequently in tourist destinations due to unbalanced tourism development opportunities,uneven distribution of interests and other reasons.Related studies have shown that the key to tourism destination conflicts is the transformation of the objective fact of inequality into a subjective sense of relative deprivation perceived by tourist destination residents.Therefore,the effective solution of tourism conflicts in tourist destinations depends on an in-depth study of the generation of residents'relative deprivation.The generation of relative deprivation is based on people's reference selection and social comparison,but there is a lack of in-depth empirical discussion and theoretical research in the field of tourism.Based on this,the study takes the four communities of Ciqikou ancient town as examples to explore how the residents of tourist destination to make reference choices and social comparisons with them.It is found that the reference selection of tourist destination residents is related to various circles,which is shown as a self-centered differential sequence circle structure,indicating that tourist destination residents are faced with multiple reference circles in reality.Tourist destination residents tend to across multiple reference circles and make crosscomparisons in vertical-horizontal,individual-group and other dimensions,resulting in diversified comparative differences.

关 键 词：旅游地居民 参照选择 社会比较 相对剥夺感 

分 类 号：F592[经济管理—旅游管理]