学术研究的课题边界:以故事史研究为例  

The Subject Boundary of Academic Research:A Case Study of Story History Research

作　　者：施爱东[1,2] SHI Aidong

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院文学研究所 [2]中国社会科学院大学文学院,北京100732

出　　处：《民俗研究》2023年第3期5-17,157,共14页Folklore Studies

摘　　要：课题边界是科研主体对于课题内容、主题、素材、范畴,以及所使用的理论、方法的限制性规定。课题边界可以分为取材边界和讨论边界,取材边界一定程度上规定和制约着讨论边界。取材边界应该具有特异性、排他性和可操作性。对于边缘地带两可之间的素材,应该制定一套外迁或者内迁的取舍规则。具体研究中的课题边界是相对设置的,可以根据研究者的判断进行宽窄调整,但无论宽还是窄,都应该对取材的范围界限作出合乎逻辑的说明,同时在研究工作中坚持标准的同一性。如果将课题边界视作理想的学术边界,那么操作边界就是落实理想的应用边界。操作边界往往表现为一种抽样方法,严肃的学术研究倾向于整群抽样法和类型抽样法。操作边界是一种从属于课题边界的过渡方案,不具有学术自足性,后期的学术讨论还应回到课题边界。The boundary of an academic research subject refers to limits of research subject matter,theme,research materials,as well as the theoretical and methodological approaches used by the research subject.This boundary can be divided into two parts,the research material boundary and the discussion boundary.The research material boundary should be specific,exclusive and operational.For research materials which might be inside or outside this boundary,criteria for selecting materials should be established during the research.The subject boundary in specific research is not set in stone,it can be adjusted according to judgement of the researcher.However wide or narrow the research scope might be,the range of materials used in the research should always be logically explained.And the standard for selecting materials must be consistently maintained throughout the research.If the subject boundary is regarded as the ideal academic boundary,the operation boundary becomes the application boundary during the implementation of the research ideal.The operation boundary is usually manifested as a sampling method,and serious academic research tends to apply cluster sampling method and type sampling method.In lack of academic self-sufficiency,the operation boundary can only be considered as transitional plan subordinated to the subject boundary,which means a return to the subject boundary is required for later academic discussion.

关 键 词：科学哲学 民间文学史 故事学 研究课题 研究素材 

分 类 号：I207.7[文学—中国文学]