西方来源与本土化创造:中国翼兽飞翼源流考  

Western Origin and Eastern Creation:Studying Origin of Wings of Chinese Winged Deity

作　　者：俞方洁[1] YU Fang-jie

机构地区：[1]四川美术学院通识学院,重庆市401331

出　　处：《南京大学学报（哲学．人文科学．社会科学）》2023年第2期146-156,160,共12页Journal of Nanjing University(Philosophy,Humanities and Social Sciences)

摘　　要：商周时期中国就出现了疑似翼兽的造型,但它们并非春秋之后中国翼兽的直接源头。翼兽起源于两河流域,两河流域的翼兽具有明确的内涵,是美索不达米亚先民崇拜的具体神明。探索中国翼兽源流的关键是飞翼。翼兽的飞翼具有实际的功用,神兽飞翔必须借助飞翼,因此西亚、希腊、波斯翼兽拥有强大的翅膀,用有力的翅膀来突出翼兽的飞翔能力和神性。在东传过程中,飞翼逐渐被装饰化、符号化,斯基泰和萨尔马提亚的翼兽双翼逐渐缩小。中国翼兽的飞翼继承了斯基泰和萨尔马提亚的符号化特征,并融入了中国本土特色,形成多样的翅膀造型。从飞翼来看,中国翼兽远未形成“外在典范”,其精神内涵也具有中国特色,在古代中国思维中,飞行升天不一定需要翅膀,翅膀与神性也没有必然关系。The shapes resembling winged deities appeared in China during the Shang and Zhou Dynasties,but they were not the direct source of those Chinese winged deities in the post-Spring-and-Autumn Period.Originating undisputably from the Mesopotamia,the winged deities there had a clear connotation:they are the specific gods worshipped by their ancestors.The key point in the study of the origin of Chinese winged deities lies in wings,which have practical functions of carrying the deities into the sky.Therefore,the winged deities of Western Asia,Greece,and Persia have powerful wings that highlight their flying ability and divinity.In spreading eastward,the wings become decorated and symbolized,and those of Scythian and Sarmatian winged deities become evidently much smaller.The wings of Chinese winged deities carry on the symbolic characteristics of the Scythian and Sarmathian.Being enculturated,they later bring forth wing shapes of a great variety.Reviewing from wings themselves,we can land on the conclusion that there are no fixed wing-shape patterns for the Chinese winged deities,and furthermore they have typical Chinese cultural connotations:wings are not necessarily required for flying,since there is no absolute relationship between wings and divinity in the ancient Chinese thinking.

关 键 词：造型艺术传播 翼兽 飞翼 格里芬 

分 类 号：Q915[天文地球—古生物学与地层学]