北京平谷梨园土壤环境和梨果品质调查  

Investigation on Soil Environment and Pear Fruit Quality in Pinggu Pear Orchards of Beijing

作　　者：李艳萍 徐晶莹 魏浩 吴书凤 金晶 彭启超 周士龙 邓祖科 LI Yanping;XU Jingying;WEI Hao;WU Shufeng;JIN Jing;PENG Qichao;ZHOU Shilong;DENG Zuke(National Agro-tech Extension and Service Center,Beijing 100125;Department of Planting Management,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Beijing 100125;Beijing Century AMMS Bio-engineering Co.,LTD.,Beijing 101200)

机构地区：[1]全国农业技术推广服务中心,北京100125 [2]农业农村部种植业管理司,北京100125 [3]北京世纪阿姆斯生物工程有限公司,北京101200

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2023年第14期54-59,共6页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：微生物技术助力生态农业系列科普活动(Y13)。

摘　　要：为了解北京平谷梨园目前土壤养分现状、灌溉水水质情况和梨果的品质状况,对100个有代表性的梨园土壤p H及矿质养分含量、1个灌溉水水质情况和30个梨果的品质指标进行了调查检测与分析。结果表明:北京平谷梨园土壤pH 5.99~7.72,平均pH 6.99,土壤有机质含量、碱解氮、有效铁、有效锰含量较低,土壤有效磷、有效钾、有效铜处于较高水平。灌溉水的pH 7.90,水质其他检测指标均合格。梨果的单果重、硬度、可溶性固形物、固酸比、氮、磷、钾、钙、镁和铁含量均高于参照值,总酸含量与参照值相比没有增加。因此,建议进行土壤改良,调节土壤pH,重视施用有机肥或生物有机肥、注意补充氮肥、铁肥,减少锌肥的使用量,适当调节灌溉水的pH,加强梨园土肥水和栽培管理,以提高北京平谷佛见喜梨的优良品质。To understand the status quo of soil nutrients,irrigation water quality and pear fruit quality of Pinggu pear orchards in Beijing,the soil pH and mineral nutrient contents of 100 representative pear orchards,the quality of 1 irrigation water sample and the quality of 30 pear fruits were investigated and analyzed.The results show that the soil pH of Pinggu pear orchards is pH 5.99-7.72,the average value is pH 6.99,the content of soil organic matter,alkali-hydrolyzed N,available Fe and available Mn are relatively low,while the content of soil available P,available K and available Cu are relatively high.The pH of irrigation water is pH 7.90,and other water quality indexes are all up to standards.The single fruit weight,fruit hardness,soluble solid content,solid-acid ratio,and the content of N,P,K,Ca,Mg and Fe of Pinggu pear are higher than those of the reference values,and only the total acid content does not increase compared with the reference value.Therefore,it is suggest to ameliorate the orchard soil,adjust soil pH,pay attention to the application of organic fertilizer or bio-organic fertilizer,supplement nitrogen fertilizer and iron fertilizer,reduce the use of zinc fertilizer,properly adjust the pH of irrigation water,and strengthen the integrated management of soil,fertilizer,water and cultivation methods of pear orchards,so as to improve the quality of‘Fojianxi’pear of Pinggu.

关 键 词：梨园 土壤养分 灌溉水水质 梨果品质 调查 

分 类 号：S151.9[农业科学—土壤学]