轨道交通弹性车轮轮箍承载特性研究  

Study on tyre load-bearing characteristics of resilient wheel for rail transit

作　　者：侯传伦 杨新文[2] 戚援 李稳 郭鑫 HOU Chuanlun;YANG Xinwen;QI Yuan;LI Wen;GUO Xin(CRRC Qishuyan Institute Co.,Ltd.,Changzhou,Jiangsu 213011,China;College of Transportation Engineering,Tongji University,Shanghai 201804,China;CRRC Changchun Railway Vehicle Co.,Ltd.,Changchun,Jilin 130062,China)

机构地区：[1]中车戚墅堰机车车辆工艺研究所有限公司,江苏常州213011 [2]同济大学交通运输工程学院,上海201804 [3]中车长春轨道客车股份有限公司,吉林长春130062

出　　处：《机车电传动》2023年第2期71-77,共7页Electric Drive for Locomotives

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(52178436)。

摘　　要：针对轮箍在运用过程中的疲劳失效问题,结合弹性车轮结构特点和承载原理,对轮箍的承载特性及相关影响因素进行系统研究,以提高轮箍的承载强度和弹性车轮运用安全性。为了精确分析弹性车轮轮箍在弹性支撑下的应力特性,基于有限元理论,建立了考虑橡胶块弹性离散支撑的轮箍承载特性参数化计算模型,对不同车轮刚度、轮箍厚度和车轮直径等结构参数下的轮箍应力状态分布、动态变形量、应力幅值等进行了研究。研究结果表明,在车轮运行过程中,轮箍内表面和外表面应力分布均呈“W”形变化趋势,其中内表面以拉应力为主,外表面以压应力为主;随着轮箍厚度、车轮刚度的增大,轮箍承载性能和安全性得到改善;但随着车轮直径的增大,轮箍的承载强度呈降低趋势,因此对于直径较大的弹性车轮应当适当增大车轮刚度及轮箍厚度,以确保轮箍的安全性能。文章的研究方法和结果为弹性车轮结构及性能优化提供了可靠的设计依据,为提高弹性车轮的运用安全可靠性提供了极强的指导作用和参考价值。To address the fatigue failure of wheel tyre in train operation,improve the bearing capacity of tyres and safety of resilient wheel,a systematic study of the load-bearing characteristics and relevant influencing factors of wheel tyre was carried out combined with the structural characteristics and bearing mechanism of resilient wheel.In order to accurately analyze the stress characteristics of wheel tyre with elastic support,based on the finite element theory,a parameterized calculation model of wheel tyre load-bearing characteristics with rubber blocks discrete support was established.Then,the stress state distribution,dynamic deformation and stress amplitude of wheel tyre under different structural parameters such as wheel stiffness,wheel tyre thickness and wheel diameter were studied.The results show that the stress distribution on the inner and outer surface of the tyre shows a change trend in the shape of a“W”during operation of the wheels.The inner surface is dominated by tensile stress and the outer surface,by compressive stress.With the increase of tyre thickness and wheel stiffness,the bearing capacity and safety of tyre are improved.However,when the diameter of wheel increases,the bearing capacity of tyre tends to decrease.Therefore,for the resilient wheel with bigger diameter,the wheel stiffness and tyre thickness should be appropriately increased to improve safety.The research methods and results in this paper provide not only a reliable design basis for structural and performance optimization of resilient wheels,but also a strong guidance and reference value for improving the safety and reliability of resilient wheel application.

关 键 词：轨道交通 弹性车轮 轮箍 承载特性 应力 有限元 

分 类 号：U270.331.1[机械工程—车辆工程]