基于宏基因组技术分析全球不同温度带土壤微生物多样性  

Microbial community diversity of soil in different temperature zones around the world:based on metagenomic technology

作　　者：曲颖 孙晓玥 滕新栋 徐丽 金黎明 王丽君 刘秀梅 曲江勇 王绪敏 邢志凯 QU Ying;SUN Xiaoyue;TENG Xindong;XU Li;JIN Liming;WANG Lijun;LIU Xiumei;QU Jiangyong;WANG Xumin;XING Zhikai(Yantai University,Yantai 264005,Shandong,China;Qingdao International Travel Healthcare Center,Qingdao 266071,Shandong,China;Qingdao Dagang Customs,Qingdao 266071,Shandong,China;Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization,Dalian Minzu University,Dalian 116600,Liaoning,China)

机构地区：[1]烟台大学,山东烟台264005 [2]青岛国际旅游卫生保健中心,山东青岛266071 [3]山东青岛大港海关,山东青岛266071 [4]大连民族大学生物技术与生物资源利用重点实验室,辽宁大连116600

出　　处：《微生物学通报》2023年第5期1853-1871,共19页Microbiology China

基　　金：自然资源部海洋生态环境科学与技术重点实验室(MEEST-2021-05);生物技术与资源利用教育部重点实验室(大连民族大学)开放基金(KF2022006);山东省重点研发计划(重大科技创新工程)(2021CXGC011306);山东省自然科学基金(ZR2020MD002);国家重点研发计划(2021YFC2401005);国家自然科学基金(31460562);烟台大学博士科学研究基金(SM15B01,SM19B70,SM19B28);烟台“双百计划”(2320004-SM20RC02)。

摘　　要：【背景】温度在塑造大尺度的土壤微生物群落方面发挥了重要作用,但目前针对全球不同温度带大尺度土壤微生物多样性方面的研究十分缺乏。【目的】明确不同温度带大尺度土壤微生物组成和功能的差异变化。【方法】从宏观的角度运用宏基因组技术对不同温度带土壤微生物群落的组成和功能进行分析。【结果】细菌的物种多样性随着温度带纬度的升高而增多,真菌的物种多样性在温带最多,在寒带最小且假丝酵母属(Candida)占绝对优势。3个温度带间除物种多样性存在差异外,微生物群落中物种丰度差异也较大,优势属和特殊属各有不同。其中值得注意的是,假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas)和芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus)的丰度在不同温度带间存在显著差异,且随着温度带纬度的升高而增多,而链霉菌属(Streptomyces)、地嗜皮菌属(Geodermatophilus)、红色杆菌属(Rubrobacter)和小单孢菌属(Micromonospora)的丰度随温度带纬度的升高而降低。在功能方面,发现与翻译后修饰、蛋白质周转、伴侣(posttranslational modification,protein turnover,chaperones),细胞内运输、分泌和囊泡运输(intracellular trafficking,secretion,and vesicular transport)以及细胞运动(cell motility)相关的基因功能可能在微生物耐冷方面具有重要作用。【结论】土壤微生物在物种多样性、群落组成和功能上随温度带变化明显不同,找出受温度带变化显著影响的细菌、真菌及功能,有助于大尺度研究土壤微生物多样性地理格局及其形成机制。[Background]Temperature plays an important role in shaping soil microbial communities at large scales,but there is a paucity of research on large-scale soil microbial diversity in different temperature zones around the globe.[Objective]To clarify the difference in composition and function of large-scale soil microbes among different temperature zones.[Methods]We used metagenomic technology to analyze the composition and function of soil microbial communities in different temperature zones.[Results]The species diversity of bacteria rose with the increase of latitude of temperature zones,and that of fungi was the highest in temperate zone and lowest in cold zone with absolute dominance of Candida.The abundance of species in the microbial communities also varied greatly among the three temperature zones,with different dominant and special genera.Particularly,the abundance of Pseudomonas and Bacillus was significantly different among the three temperature zones and it increased with the rise of the latitude.However,the abundance of Streptomyces,Geodermatophilus,Rubrobacter,and Micromonospora decreased with increase of latitude of temperature zones.In terms of function,it was found that gene functions related to posttranslational modification,protein turnover,chaperones,intracellular trafficking,secretion,vesicular transport,and cell motility may play an important role in cold tolerance of microorganisms.[Conclusion]This study found that soil microorganisms differed significantly in species diversity,community composition,and function among temperature zones and identified bacteria,fungi,and functions significantly affected by changes in temperature zones,contributing to a large-scale study of the geographic patterns of soil microbial diversity and their formation mechanisms.

关 键 词：宏基因组分析技术 温度带 土壤微生物 微生物多样性 

分 类 号：S154.3[农业科学—土壤学]