中国3~6岁幼儿中大强度身体活动、屏幕时间和睡眠时间达标率的空间分布特征和相关因素分析  

Spatial Distribution and Related Factors of Physical Activity,Screen Time and Sleep Time Compliance Rates of Chinese Children from 3 to 6 Years Old

作　　者：王欢[1] 张彦峰[1] 武东明[1] 王梅[1] 刘新华[1] 冯强[1] 王晶晶 范超群 高唯真 WANG huan;ZHANG Yanfeng;WU Dongming;WANG mei;LIU Xinhuan;FENG Qiang;WANG Jingjing;FAN Chaoqun;GAO Weizhen(China Institute of Sport Science,Beijing 100061,China;Zhejiang University,Hangzhou 310058,China)

机构地区：[1]国家体育总局体育科学研究所,北京100061 [2]浙江大学,浙江杭州310058

出　　处：《体育科学》2023年第1期26-33,共8页China Sport Science

基　　金：国家体育总局科技创新项目(22KJCX016);国家体育总局体育科学研究所基本科研业务费资助项目(基本22-03)。

摘　　要：目的:掌握我国3~6岁幼儿身体活动、屏幕时间和睡眠时间的达标情况,探索达标情况在全国各地区的空间分布特征和相关影响因素,为不同地区幼儿健康促进策略提供参考。方法:基于2020年全民健身活动状况调查的幼儿数据,对全国31个省(自治区、直辖市)10967名幼儿的身体活动、屏幕时间和睡眠时间及其相关因素进行分析,采用局部空间自相关指标(local indicators of spatial association,LISA)分析各指标的空间聚集特征。结果:1)参照世界卫生组织发布的《5岁以下儿童身体活动、久坐行为和睡眠指南》,我国3~6岁幼儿的中大强度身体活动(moderate-to-vigorous physical activity,MVPA)、屏幕时间和睡眠时间3类健康行为的达标率分别为62.3%、52.8%和53.8%,其中3类健康行为均达标的幼儿占比为16.4%,均未达标的比例为7.9%。2)LISA分析结果显示,MVPA和屏幕时间的高达标地区主要在北方,低达标地区多在南方;睡眠时间的高达标地区在西南。3)与MVPA达标率空间分布特征有关的因素包括平均气温、家庭体育用品数目和家长陪伴外出运动时长、家庭年总收入(P<0.05);与屏幕时间达标率空间分布特征有关的因素包括社区运动条件、平均气温、家庭年总收入(P<0.05);与睡眠时间达标率分布特征有关的因素包括平均气温、家长陪伴外出运动时长(P<0.05)。结论:我国幼儿身体活动、屏幕时间和睡眠时间3类健康行为达标情况在各地区的空间分布具有一定的差异性和聚集性。与3类健康行为达标率空间分布相关的因素主要有经济、自然环境和场地环境等因素。此外,幼儿家庭运动支持程度也是影响幼儿健康行为的重要因素。为此,不同地区应根据幼儿行为特点,采取从宏观到微观的多层面生态化措施,促进幼儿健康行为习惯的养成。Objective:To understand the compliance status of physical activity,screen time and sleep time behaviors of Chinese children from 3 to 6 years old,then to explore the spatial distribution characteristics and related factors of the compliance status in different regions of China.Methods:Based on the preschool children’s data of the“National Fitness Status Survey in 2020”,the physical activity,sleep time and screen time behaviors and related factors of 10967 children in 31 provinces were analyzed.The local indicators of spatial autocorrelation(LISA)was used to analyze the spatial aggregation characteristics of each index.Results:1)According to the Guidelines on Physical Activity,Sedentary Behaviour and Sleep for Children under 5 Years of Age published by WHO,the compliance rates of moderate-vigorous physical activity(MVPA),screen time and sleep time were respectively 62.3%,52.8%and 53.8%in Chinese children from 3 to 6 years old.Among them,the children who met all of the three types behaviors was 16.4%,and the children who didn’t meet any of the three standards was 7.9%.2)From the results of LISA,the high compliance areas of MVPA and screen time was the north of China,while the low compliance areas were mostly in the south,and the high compliance areas of sleep was the southwest.3)The factors related to the spatial distribution characteristics of MVPA compliance rate were average temperature,number of household sporting goods,parents’accompanying exercise and annual household income(P<0.05);the factors related to the spatial distribution of screen time compliance rate were community service of sports,average temperature and annual household income(P<0.05);factors related to the distribution characteristics of sleep time compliance rate were average temperature and parents’accompanying exercise(P<0.05).Conclusions:The physical activity,screen time and sleep time behaviors of preschool children in China have a certain difference and concentration characteristics in the spatial distribution.The factors relat

关 键 词：幼儿 中大强度身体活动 屏幕时间 睡眠时间 空间分布 

分 类 号：G804.49[文化科学—运动人体科学]