饲粮中不同全株青贮玉米添加量对育肥猪生长性能、污染物产生量和粪便微生物菌群的影响  

Effects of Different Supplementation Level of Whole Plant Silage Corn on Growth Performance,Pollutant Emission and Fecal Microbial Flora of Fattening Pigs

作　　者：王彦平[1,2] 赵雪艳[1,2] 王怀中 张果平[1,2] 姜富贵[1,2] 王勇 徐云华[3] 刘公言 王继英 王诚 朱荣生 WANG Yanping;ZHAO Xueyan;WANG Huaizhong;ZHANG Guoping;JIANG Fugui;WANG Yong;XU Yunhua;LIU Gongyan;WANG Jiying;WANG Cheng;ZHU Rongsheng(Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine,Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Ji'nan 250100,China;Shandong Key Laboratory of Disease Control and Animal Breeding,Ji'nan 250100,China;Ji'nan Animal Husbandry Technology Promotion Station of Shandong Province,Ji'nan 250100,China)

机构地区：[1]山东省农业科学院畜牧兽医研究所,山东济南250100 [2]山东省畜禽疫病防治与繁育重点实验室,山东济南250100 [3]山东省济南市畜牧技术推广站,山东济南250306

出　　处：《家畜生态学报》2023年第5期40-46,共7页Journal of Domestic Animal Ecology

基　　金：山东省重大应用技术创新项目(SD2019XM010);山东省农业科技资金(园区产业提升工程)(2019YQ027)。

摘　　要：试验旨在研究饲粮中不同全株青贮玉米添加量对育肥猪生长性能、污染物产生量和粪便中微生物菌群的影响。选取48头体重相近健康状况良好的“杜×长×大”三元杂交的生长育肥猪,随机分为4组,每组3个重复,每个重复4头,其中对照组饲喂“玉米-豆粕”型基础饲粮,试验组分别饲喂用全株青贮玉米(按风干样计)替代10%、20%、30%的同重的基础饲粮混合而成(T1、T2、T3组)的试验饲粮。预饲期7 d,正试期71 d。结果表明:(1)饲粮中不同全株青贮玉米添加量对育肥猪试验末重、平均日增重、平均日采食量和料重比影响差异显著(P<0.05),其中试验组的试验末重和平均日采食量均显著高于对照组。T1和T2组的平均日增重显著高于对照组,但和T3组无显著差异(P>0.05);T3组的料重比显著高于对照组(P<0.05),T1和T2组与对照组无显著差异(P>0.05)。(2)饲粮中添加全株青贮玉米对育肥猪猪舍氨气、硫化氢、臭气浓度和挥发性有机物(VOCs)含量影响差异显著(P<0.05),其中试验组的氨气、硫化氢、臭气浓度和VOCs含量均显著低于对照组。(3)粪便微生物菌群组成结果显示,对照组和试验组OTU统计分析差异显著(P<0.05),其中试验组显著高于对照组,以T2组数量最高。优势菌属为乳酸杆菌属(Lactobacillus)、芽孢杆菌属(Terrsporobacter)、梭菌属1(Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1)、曲霉菌属(Turicibacter)、粪副拟杆菌属(Parabaceroides)、未分类的蛋白胨(unclassifiend_f_Peptostreptoccaceae)等。在门分类水平上,各组厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)、拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)、放线菌门(Actinobacteria)、变形菌门(Proteobacteria)显著差异(P<0.05)。饲粮中添加全株青贮玉米能够提高育肥猪采食量,进而提高日增重,提高生长性能,其中饲喂10%(风干样计,T2组)的全株青贮玉米育肥猪生产性能最佳;且饲喂全株青贮玉米能改善粪便微生物群落组成,减少污染物及有害气体�The purpose of this experiment was to study the effects of different dietary supplementation level of whole-plant silage corn on the growth performance,pollutant emission and fecal micro-flora of fattening pigs.Forty-eight“Duroc×Landrace×Yorkshire”three-way hybrid healthy growing-finishing pigs with similar body weight were allotted randomly into 4 groups,with 3 replicates in each group and 4 pigs in each replicate.The control group was fed with“corn-soybean meal”basic diet,while the test group with mixed whole silage corn(on air-dried basis)instead of 10%,20%and 30%of the same weight basic diet(T1,T2 and T3 groups).The pre-feeding period was 7 d,and the trial period was 71 d.Results showed:(1)different supplementation level of whole plant silage corn diets had significant influence on the end weight,average daily gain,average daily feed intake and feed weight ratio of fattening pigs(P<0.05),and the final body weight and average daily feed intake of the test groups were significantly higher than those of the control group.The average daily gain of T1 and T2 groups was significantly higher than that of control group,but there was no significant difference with T3 group(P>0.05).The ratio of feed to gain in T3 group was significantly higher than that in control group(P<0.05),while there was no significant difference among T1,T2 and control group(P>0.05).(2)The effects of silage corn on ammonia,hydrogen sulfide,odor concentration and volatile organic compounds(VOCs)content in fattening pig houses were significantly different(P<0.05),and the ammonia,hydrogen sulfide,odor concentration and VOCs content in the test groups were significantly lower than those in the control group.(3)The composition of fecal microbial flora showed that there was a significant difference in OTU number between the control group and the test group(P<0.05),and the test group had a significantly higher OTU number than the control group,and the T2 group had the highest number in particular.Dominant bacteria were Lactobacillus,Terrsporo

关 键 词：全株青贮玉米 育肥猪 生长性能 污染物产生量 微生物菌群 

分 类 号：S828.5[农业科学—畜牧学]