BDS/GPS新型铷原子钟长期特性分析  

Long-term characteristic analysis of BDS/GPS new rubidium atomic clocks

作　　者：李方能[1] 梁益丰 许江宁[1] 吴苗[1] LI Fangneng;LIANG Yifeng;XU Jiangning;WU Miao(College of Electrical Engineering,Naval University of Engineering,Wuhan 430033,China)

机构地区：[1]海军工程大学电气工程学院,武汉430033

出　　处：《中国惯性技术学报》2023年第5期452-461,共10页Journal of Chinese Inertial Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(41804076)。

摘　　要：铷原子钟具有体积小、功耗低等显著优势,被广泛应用于导航卫星。基于星载铷钟技术发展迅速、BDS和GPS新型铷钟性能尚未得到全面分析的研究现状,对两大系统自2017年后发射的16颗星的铷钟进行了长期特性分析。以GFZ中心提供的BDS精密钟差和IGS中心的GPS最终钟差产品为数据基础,根据卫星钟工作原理确定了各表征部分的分析方法。系统特性方面,通过最小二乘拟合计算了卫星钟的短中期漂移率与频率准确度;随机特性方面,对逐日拟合残差序列进行了计算与长期变化趋势分析,通过重叠Hadamard偏差计算了卫星钟稳定度,分析了不同时段的主导噪声类型;周期特性方面,利用频谱分析方法计算了卫星钟长期表征的主周期项,综合轨道误差和运行等因素分析了周期项可能原因。结果表明:BDS/GPS新型铷原子钟的频率准确度达到10-12量级,秒漂和日漂分别达到10^(-19)和10^(-14)量级,万秒稳定度介于1.82×10^(-14)~2.98×10^(-14)之间,天稳定度普遍达到10^(-15)量级,逐日拟合残差精度达到0.1 ns~0.2 ns;所有卫星钟差序列周期特性显著,前三个主周期近似为卫星轨道周期的1倍、2倍和3倍左右。Rubidium atomic clocks are widely used in navigation satellites because of their significant advantages such as small size and low power consumption.Based on the current research status that the technology of satellite-based rubidium clocks is developing rapidly and the performance of BDS and GPS new rubidium clocks has not been fully analyzed,the long-term characterization of 16 rubidium clocks launched by the two systems since 2017 is conducted.Based on the data of BDS precision clock bias provided by Deutsches Geoforschungs Zentrum(GFZ)and the GPS final clock bias product from the International GNSS Service(IGS)center,the analysis methods for each characterization component are determined according to the satellite clock operating principles.For the system characteristics,the short and medium-term drift rate and frequency accuracy of the satellite rubidium clocks are calculated by least-squares fitting.For the stochastic characteristics,the daily fitting residual series are calculated and the long-term variation trend is analyzed.The stability of satellite rubidium clocks is calculated by overlapping Hadamard deviations,and the dominant noise types in different periods are analyzed.For the periodic characteristics,the main period term of the long-term representation of the satellite rubidium clocks is calculated by using the spectral analysis method,the possible causes of the period term are analyzed by integrating orbital errors and operational factors.The results show that the frequency accuracy of the new BDS/GPS rubidium atomic clocks reaches 10-12 orders of magnitude,the second and daily drifts reach 10^(-19)and 10^(-14)orders of magnitude respectively,the stability of 10,000 seconds ranges from 1.82×10^(-14)to 2.98×10^(-14),the daily stability generally reaches 10^(-15)orders of magnitude,and the residual accuracy of daily fitting reaches 0.1 ns~0.2 ns.The periodic characteristics of all satellite rubidium clocks bias series are significant,and the first three main periods are approximately 1,2 and 3 t

关 键 词：北斗卫星导航系统 全球定位系统 卫星原子钟 频率稳定度 频率准确度 

分 类 号：TN976[电子电信—信号与信息处理]