经典名方中玉竹的本草考证  

Herbal Textual Research on Polygonati Odorati Rhizoma in Famous Classical Formulas

作　　者：李雪 马存德[2] 张楚楚 刘思鸿[3] 张华敏[4] 李兵[4] 詹志来 LI Xue;MA Cunde;ZHANG Chuchu;LIU Sihong;ZHANG Huamin;LI Bing;ZHAN Zhilai(Xianyang Center for Food and Drug Control,Xianyang 712000,China;Shaanxi Institute of International Trade&Commerce,Xianyang 712046,China;Institute of Information on Traditional Chinese Medicine,China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences,Beijing 100700,China;Institute of Chinese Materia Medica,China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences,Beijing 100700,China;National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica,China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences,Beijing 100700,China)

机构地区：[1]咸阳市食品药品检验检测中心,陕西咸阳712000 [2]陕西国际商贸学院,陕西咸阳712046 [3]中国中医科学院中医药信息研究所,北京100700 [4]中国中医科学院中药研究所,北京100700 [5]中国中医科学院中药资源中心,北京100700

出　　处：《中国实验方剂学杂志》2023年第12期13-25,共13页Chinese Journal of Experimental Traditional Medical Formulae

基　　金：全国2018中药特色技术传承人才项目(T20184828005);中国中医科学院科技创新工程项目(CI2021A03702);中国中医科学院基本科研业务费自主选题(ZZ13-027);中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(ZZ13-YQ-129);2018年中医药公共卫生服务补助资金第四次全国中药资源普查项目(财社[2018]43号);2019年医疗服务与保障能力提升补助资金项目(财社[2019]39号)。

摘　　要：通过查阅历代本草、医籍、方书并结合近现代文献资料,笔者对玉竹的名称、基原、学名、产地、品质评价、采收加工、炮制方法进行系统梳理与考证,为开发含玉竹的经典名方提供参考。玉竹,最早以“女萎”之名始载于《神农本草经》,其后历代多以“萎蕤”为正名,近代以来本草、方书则多以“玉竹”为正名。古代玉竹有委萎、女萎、萎蕤等不同称谓,三者名称相似且历史上存在同名异物混用情况。唐代苏敬根据功效不同单独将具有治痢功效的女萎列在《新修本草》草部中品;北宋苏颂则根据《神农本草经》《名医别录》及医籍药方的不同能效,认为三者为不同来源的药材;三者名实不清在历史上持续了较长时间。笔者按照时间发展脉络,对三者名实进行考订,得出委萎和萎蕤系同一药材,即今百合科玉竹Polygonatum odoratum;女萎为毛茛科女萎Clematis apiifolia,厘清了三者的源流关系。历代所用玉竹的主流来源为今百合科玉竹P.odoratum的根茎,其野生分布较广,资源量大。古代著录的玉竹产地主要为山东泰山、安徽滁州、舒州及陕西汉中;近代以河北北部,湖南邵阳所产量大质优;现代以产于江苏海门的“江北玉竹”,安徽安庆、铜陵、南陵的“安玉竹”,河北丰润、玉田、遵化、怀来和辽宁绥中、锦西、建昌、凌源、辽阳、海城、盖平所产的“关玉竹”,湖南邵阳的“湘玉竹”为道地药材。古代玉竹的品质以“肥白者良”,现代则以根条粗壮,色泽黄亮,质地柔润,无僵皮、不泛油者为佳。玉竹在古代的产地加工多为“阴干”,现代则多采用晒或蒸后经搓揉再干燥。古代炮制多刮去皮后在蜜水中浸泡再蒸透,现代则多洗净切厚片生用。基于考证结论,建议经典名方开发以百合科玉竹P.odoratum的根茎为来源,根据处方炮制要求选用相应规格;基于《温病条辨》益胃汤中玉This article has systematically reviewed the name,origin,scientific name,producing area,quality evaluation,harvesting and processing methods of Polygonati Odorati Rhizoma(POR) by consulting the materia medica,medical books,prescription books and modern literature,in order to provide a reference for the development of famous classical formulas containing POR.Yuzhu was first recorded in the Shennong Bencaojing under the name of Nyuwei.After that,Weirui was used as the rectification name in the subsequent dynasties,and in recent times,the name of Yuzhu is mostly used in materia medica and prescription books.In ancient times,there were different names for Yuzhu,such as Nyuwei,Weiwei and Weirui.The names of the three are similar and there was a mixed use of the same name and foreign matter in history.In the Tang dynasty,SU Jing listed Nyuwei with the effect of curing dysentery in the intermediate of herbal part of Xinxiu Bencao according to its different efficacy.However,based on Shennong Bencaojing,Mingyi Bielu and the different energy efficiency of medical prescriptions,SU Song of the Northern Song dynasty believed that the three were medicinal materials of different origins.In short,the names of the three have been unclear in history for a long time.According to the development of the time line,this paper examines the names and realities of the three,and concludes that the two(Weiwei and Weirui) are the same medicinal material,that is,Polygonatum odoratum of Liliaceae,and the Nyuwei is Clematis apiifolia of Ranunculaceae,and the source relationship of the three is clarified.The mainstream source of Yuzhu used in the past dynasties was the rhizome of P.odoratum,which was widely distributed in the wild and has a large amount of resources.The origins of Yuzhu recorded in ancient times were mainly Taishan in Shandong,Chuzhou and Shuzhou in Anhui,and Hanzhong in Shaanxi,in modern times,it was produced in northern Hebei and Shaoyang in Hunan with high quality,and in the modern times,Jiangbei Yuzhu from Haimen in Jiangsu,

关 键 词：经典名方 玉竹 本草考证 基原 拉丁学名 品质评价 中药炮制 

分 类 号：R22[医药卫生—中医基础理论] R28[医药卫生—中医学] R932[文化科学] Z126