增密对春玉米籽粒胚乳淀粉粒度分布与黏度参数的影响  

Effects of Increasing Density on the Granule Size Distribution and Viscosity Parameters of Endosperm Starch in Spring Maize Kernel

作　　者：路梦莉 张雅婷 任红[2] 王土金 韩一鸣 李文阳 李从锋[2] LU MengLi;ZHANG YaTing;REN Hong;WANG TuJin;HAN YiMing;LI WenYang;LI CongFeng(College of Agriculture,Anhui University of Science and Technology,Fengyang 233100,Anhui;Institute of Crop Sciences,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100081)

机构地区：[1]安徽科技学院农学院,安徽凤阳233100 [2]中国农业科学院作物科学研究所,北京100081

出　　处：《中国农业科学》2023年第9期1646-1657,共12页Scientia Agricultura Sinica

基　　金：国家玉米产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-02-14);安徽高校自然科学研究重大项目(KJ2020ZD010)。

摘　　要：【目的】密植是提升玉米高产栽培的主要措施之一,同时密度对玉米淀粉形成具有显著影响。因此分析增加种植密度(增密)条件对不同类型春玉米籽粒胚乳淀粉粒度分布与黏度参数,对玉米淀粉品质改善具有重要意义。【方法】于2019和2020年在吉林省公主岭试验基地进行大田试验,选用先玉335、郑单958、农华101等8个东北区域主推玉米品种为试验材料,设置67 500和97 500株/hm2 2个种植密度,以衍射粒度分析仪以及黏度分析仪测定不同处理籽粒淀粉粒度分布与黏度参数,用近红外分析仪测定玉米相关品质,并进行相关分析,明确增密对春玉米籽粒胚乳淀粉粒度分布与黏度参数的影响。【结果】随着种植密度的增加,玉米籽粒产量与淀粉含量均显著增加,同时密度提高显著增加了大型(>17μm)淀粉粒体积、表面积、数目百分比,而在小型(<3μm)淀粉粒体积、表面积、数目百分比中观察到相反的趋势。可见随着种植密度的增加,玉米籽粒小型淀粉粒体积、数目百分比显著降低,大型淀粉粒体积、数目百分比增加,说明增密有利于大型淀粉粒体积比例的提升,即增密促进淀粉的积累,增加大型淀粉粒数目与个体体积的形成。同时研究发现,增密后玉米淀粉峰值黏度、低谷黏度、稀懈值、最终黏度均显著提高。相关分析结果表明,玉米籽粒淀粉含量、产量和黏度参数等与小型淀粉粒体积百分比呈负相关,与中型(3—17μm)淀粉粒体积百分比呈显著或极显著负相关,与大型(>17μm)淀粉粒呈显著或极显著正相关。【结论】玉米增密主要是通过影响胚乳淀粉粒度分布,即增加大型淀粉粒比例,降低中、小型淀粉粒比例,进而提高了玉米籽粒产量、淀粉含量及黏度参数。【Objective】Dense planting is one of the main measures to improve the high yield cultivation of maize,and density has a significant effect on the formation of maize starch.Therefore,this study analyzed the granule size distribution and viscosity parameters of different types of spring maize kernels under different increasing density conditions for improving the quality of maize starch.【Method】The field experiments were conducted at the Gongzhuling experimental base in Jilin province in 2019 and 2020.In the present experiments,eight main maize varieties in Northeast China,such as Xianyu 335,Zhengdan 958 and Nonghua 101,etc,were selected as experimental materials,and two planting densities of 67500 and 97500 plants/hm2 were set.The granule size distribution and viscosity parameters of starch in different treatments were measured by diffraction particle size analyzer and viscosity analyzer,and the relative quality of maize was measured by near-infrared analyzer,and the correlation analysis was conducted to clarify the effects of increasing density on the granule size distribution and viscosity parameters of endosperm starch in spring maize.【Result】The results showed that with the increase of planting density,maize grain yield and starch content increased significantly,and the increase of density significantly increased the volume,surface area and number percentage of large(>17μm)starch granules,while the opposite trend was observed in the volume,surface area and number percentage of small(<3μm)starch granules.It could be seen that with the increase of planting density,the volume and number percentage of small starch granules in maize kernels decreased significantly,and the volume and number percentage of large starch granules increased,indicating that increasing density was beneficial to the increase of the volume ratio of large starch granules,that is,increasing density promoted the accumulation of starch and increased the number of large starch granules and the formation of individual volume.At the sa

关 键 词：玉米 淀粉含量 粒度分布 黏度参数 种植密度 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学]