欧盟碳边境调节机制对江苏的影响及应对建议  

Impact of EU Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism on Jiangsu and Countermeasures

作　　者：张贤 ZHANG Xian

机构地区：[1]江苏省国际经济贸易研究所

出　　处：《阅江学刊》2023年第3期57-66,173,共11页Yuejiang Academic Journal

摘　　要：为加快争夺全球气候规则制定主导权,同时为欧盟内部生产商和进口商创造更有优势的竞争环境,降低碳泄漏风险,欧盟提出碳边境调节机制(CBAM),于2023年4月25日正式通过CBAM法案。CBAM计划对钢铁、水泥、铝、化肥、电力和氢六类产品率先征收碳关税;以2023—2025年为过渡期,2026年正式开征;在费用计算方面,优先采用实际碳排放强度确定碳排放量,并规定费用抵免情形。CBAM一经提出,就引起了国际社会的诸多争论,焦点主要集中在是否符合WTO规则要求、是否与“共同但有区别的责任”原则冲突、是否会带来贸易保护主义的风险等方面。在国际碳定价博弈加剧和国内碳市场尚不完善的大背景下,CBAM短期不会对江苏经济产生较大冲击,但长期可能导致产业链断链风险;铝和钢铁等部分高排放行业出口将受挫,但对江苏整体出口影响较为有限。为应对未来CBAM正式实施可能带来的挑战,江苏应上接国家战略,构建低碳循环经济体系;下抓落地实施,推动产业结构绿色转型升级;内强政策工具,健全碳排放监测核算体系;外拓多元贸易,防范外部风险冲击。In order to accelerate the competition for the leading role of global climate regulation,create a level playing field for producers and importers within the EU,and reduce the risk of carbon leakage,the EU proposes the Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism(CBAM).The paper introduces CBAM in detail from three aspects of implementation motivation,content points and operation disputes,and analyzes the impact of CBAM on Jiangsu.It is found that under the background of intensified international carbon pricing game and urgent improvement of domestic carbon market,CBAM will not have a great impact on Jiangsu’s economy in the short term,but may lead to the risk of industrial chain interruption in the long term;the export of some high emission industries such as aluminum and steel will be frustrated,but the impact on the overall export of Jiangsu is relatively limited.In order to cope with the possible challenges by the formal implementation of CBAM in the future,Jiangsu should build a low-carbon circular economic system,promote the green transformation and upgrading of industrial structure,improve the carbon emission monitoring and accounting system,and expand diversified trade.

关 键 词：碳边境调节机制 碳泄漏 碳排放交易体系 碳减排 循环经 济 绿色转型 碳足迹 

分 类 号：X196[环境科学与工程—环境科学] F831.5[经济管理—金融学] F125