云南省不同降水型地质灾害的降水特征对比分析  

A comparative analysis about precipitation characteristics of geological disasters of different precipitation types in Yunnan Province

作　　者：杨竹云[1,2] 许彦艳 许迎杰[1,2] 李华宏 刘博文[1] YANG Zhu-yun;XU Yan-yan;XU Ying-jie;LI Hua-hong;LIU Bo-wen(Yunnan Meteorological Observatory,Kunming 650034,Yunnan,China;Research Center for Disastrous Weather over Hengduan Mountains&Low-Latitude Plateau,China Meteorological Administration,Kunming 650034,Yunnan,China)

机构地区：[1]云南省气象台,云南昆明650034 [2]中国气象局横断山区(低纬高原)灾害性天气研究中心,云南昆明650034

出　　处：《云南大学学报（自然科学版）》2023年第3期634-641,共8页Journal of Yunnan University(Natural Sciences Edition)

基　　金：云南省地质灾害气象风险预警业务能力建设项目(云财资环[2020]113号);云南省气象台山洪地质灾害防治气象保障工程建设项目(云气发[2022]4号);中国气象局创新发展专项(CXFZ2022J021).

摘　　要：利用2014—2020年云南地质灾害数据和气象站降水资料,通过有效降水量法筛选出降水型滑坡、泥石流和崩塌灾害,并分析灾害发生时次前的降水特征.结果显示:云南降水型地质灾害以滑坡为主,其次是泥石流和崩塌;诱发3类地质灾害的降水类型都有短时强降水、短期降水和长历时降水.由短期降水造成的滑坡、泥石流和崩塌灾害样本分别占78%、83%和75%,其中超过75%灾害发生前3 d出现强降水事件,泥石流更是高达96%;诱发滑坡和泥石流灾害的短历时强降水主要发生在前12 h,其中滑坡灾害发生短历时强降水时次最多的是前1~4 h,泥石流灾害发生短历时强降水时次最多的是前1 h;云南大部地区滑坡、泥石流和崩塌灾害主要由短期降水引起,特别是怒江地区最显著.Based on the geological disaster data and precipitation data of meteorological stations in Yunnan from 2014 to 2020,precipitation-type landslides,debris flows and collapses are selected through the effective precipitation method,and the precipitation characteristics before the occurrences of the above disasters are analyzed.The results show that the precipitation-type geological disasters in Yunnan are mainly landslides,followed by debris flows and collapses.The precipitation types inducing three types of geological disaters include short-time heavy precipitation,short-term precipitation and long-term precipitation.The samples of landslides,debris flows and collapses caused by short-term precipitation accounted for 78%,83%and 75%respectively;more than 75%of the above disasters happened after heavy precipitation events in the past three days,and the occurrence ratio of debris flows was as high as 96%.The short duration heavy precipitation that induces landslide and debris flow disasters mainly occurs in the first 12 hours,of which the time of heavy precipitation in landslide disasters is the most in the first 1−4 hours,and the time of heavy precipitation in debris flow disasters is the most in the first 1 hour.Landslides,debris flows and collapses are mainly caused by short-term heavy precipitation in most parts of Yunnan,especially in Nujiang Prefecture.

关 键 词：地质灾害 滑坡 泥石流 崩塌 降水类型 云南省 

分 类 号：X43[环境科学与工程—灾害防治] P694[天文地球—地质学]