食用菌菌丝对菌材分解利用的研究进展  

Advances in decomposition and utilization of fungus-growing materials by edible fungi mycelia

作　　者：苏世贤 李婕 徐彦军[1,2] 田风华 须文[1,2] 李伟[1,2,3] SU Shi-xian;LI Jie;XU Yan-jun;TIAN Feng-hua;XU Wen;LI Wei(College of Agriculture,Guizhou University,Guiyang 550025,Guizhou,China;Institute of Edible Fungi,Guizhou University,Guiyang 550025,Guizhou,China;Engineering Research Center for Protected Vegetable Crops in Higher Learning Institutions of Guizhou Province,Guiyang 550025,Guizhou,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州大学农学院,贵州贵阳550025 [2]贵州大学食用菌研究院,贵州贵阳550025 [3]贵州省高等学校设施蔬菜工程研究中心,贵州贵阳550025

出　　处：《云南大学学报（自然科学版）》2023年第3期760-767,共8页Journal of Yunnan University(Natural Sciences Edition)

基　　金：贵州省科技重大专项(黔科合重大专项字[2019]3005-1);贵州省高等学校设施蔬菜工程研究中心平台建设项目(黔教技[2022]040号);贵州省农业农村厅食用菌产业项目(黔财农2019[143]号).

摘　　要：食用菌通过分泌的菌丝胞外酶来分解菌材,从而获得营养.综述了胞外酶的主要分类和关键酶的基本作用,以及菌材的分类和营养成分,并研究了胞外酶和菌材之间的相互作用关系.系统介绍了主要的胞外酶系统,包括纤维素酶系、半纤维素酶系、木质素降解酶系、淀粉酶系、果胶酶系和蛋白酶系,并对关键酶进行了分析.基于胞外酶传统生理生化研究,现代组学技术已被应用于胞外酶分解菌材的多个环节,关键基因的表达调控也逐渐得到了明确.食用菌培养料配方逐渐多样化,有利于提升食用菌菌种和培养料之间的协调利用效果.对培养料配方的优化和胞外酶人工生产调控提出了展望,以期促进食用菌产业的发展.Edible fungi obtain nutrition by decomposing mycelium through the secreting extracellular enzymes.This paper reviews the main classifications of extracellular enzymes,the basic functions of key enzymes,the classification and nutritional components of mycelium,and the interaction between extracellular enzymes and mycelium.The paper systematically introduces the main extracellular enzyme systems,including cellulase,hemicellulase,lignin-degrading,amylase,pectinase,and protease systems,and analyzes the key enzymes of each system according to their different functions.On the basis of traditional physiological and biochemical research on extracellular enzymes,modern omics technologies have been applied to various aspects of extracellular enzyme-mediated mycelium degradation,and the expression and regulation of key genes have become increasingly clear.The cultivation medium formula for edible fungi is also becoming more diversified,which is conducive to improving the coordination and utilization efficiency between edible fungi species and cultivation medium.The paper also provides prospects for optimizing the cultivation medium formula and artificially regulating extracellular enzyme production,in order to promote the development of the edible fungi industry.

关 键 词：食用菌 菌丝 菌材 胞外酶 

分 类 号：G353.11[文化科学—情报学]