玉米子粒产量及氨基酸含量对氮肥类型和用量的响应  

Response of Maize Grain Yield and Amino Acid Content to Nitrogen Types and Rates

作　　者：孙文彦 尹红娟 唐继伟[1] 温延臣 田昌玉 徐久凯[1] 赵秉强 SUN Wen-yan;YIN Hong-juan;TANG Ji-wei;WEN Yan-chen;TIAN Chang-yu;XU Jiu-kai;ZHAO Bing-qiang(Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer,Ministry of Agriculture/Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100081;Agricultural Integrated Service Center of Dongying City,Dongying 257091;Dongying Technician College,Dongying 257091,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所/农业部植物营养与肥料重点实验室,北京100081 [2]东营市农业综合服务中心,山东东营257091 [3]东营市技师学院,山东东营257091

出　　处：《玉米科学》2023年第2期116-124,共9页Journal of Maize Sciences

基　　金：财政部和农业农村部国家现代农业产业技术体系项目(CARS-03)。

摘　　要：以始于2006年的长期定位试验为研究平台,评价持续施用有机肥氮和化肥氮13年对郑单958子粒产量和氨基酸组分及含量的影响。结果表明,玉米子粒含有17种氨基酸,其中,谷氨酸含量最高,胱氨酸和蛋氨酸含量最低。施用氮肥显著提高玉米产量和氨基酸含量,低氮量60 kg/hm^(2),有机肥氮处理子粒产量低于化肥氮处理;施氮量120~360 kg/hm^(2),有机肥氮与化肥氮处理子粒产量差异不显著;施氮量420~600 kg/hm^(2),有机肥氮处理子粒产量显著高于化肥氮处理。施氮量0~600 kg/hm^(2)范围内,施氮量越高氨基酸含量越大且化肥氮处理的氨基酸含量大于等量有机肥氮处理,有机肥氮118.5~600 kg/hm^(2)、化肥氮91.9~600 kg/hm^(2)可以获得最优总氨基酸含量。兼顾子粒产量和氨基酸综合评价的多元统计分析表明,长期施用有机肥氮120~420 kg/hm^(2)、化肥氮120~300 kg/hm^(2),可实现玉米产量和氨基酸品质的协同提高。The grain yield and amino acid content of maize variety Zhengdan958 were determined in a 13-year long-term experiment.The results showed that there were 17 kinds of amino acids.The content of glutamic acid was the highest,the content of cystine and methionine were the lowest.The nitrogen fertilizer significantly increased grain yield and amino acid content of maize.The grain yield of organic nitrogen was lower than that of chemical nitrogen when nitrogen rate was 60 kg/ha.There was no significant difference in grain yield between organic nitrogen and chemical nitrogen when nitrogen rate were 120-360 kg/ha.The grain yield of organic nitrogen was significantly higher than that of chemical nitrogen when nitrogen rate were 420-600 kg/ha.Within the range of 0-600 kg/ha,the higher nitrogen rate could get higher amino acid content and the amino acid content of chemical nitrogen was higher than that of organic nitrogen.The optimum total amino acid content could be obtained by organic nitrogen 118.5-600 kg/ha and chemical nitrogen 91.9-600 kg/ha.Long-term application of organic fertilizer nitrogen 120-420 kg/ha and chemical fertilizer nitrogen 120-300 kg/ha could achieve the synergistic improvement of grain yield and amino acid.

关 键 词：玉米 化肥氮 有机肥氮 氨基酸 

分 类 号：S513.062[农业科学—作物学]