人工智能时代的教育变革  

Education Reform in the Age of Artificial Intelligence

作　　者：郭文茗 GUO Wenmin

机构地区：[1]北京大学教育学院,北京100871

出　　处：《北京大学教育评论》2023年第1期62-82,189,共22页Peking University Education Review

摘　　要：本文试图在明确界定人工智能概念的本质和边界的基础上,以史为镜,分析人工智能对教育未来发展的影响。本文首先分析了人的智能发展的两个途径,强调技术是人的认知发展不可缺少的一种“技术装置”。其次,通过对人工智能三条故事线和两个概念的辨析,明确了当下所讨论的人工智能的技术本质。第三,通过对进化认识论“三个世界”框架的拓展,区分了两类技术,建立了一个包括“硬”技术和“软”技艺在内、处理各学科知识的通用框架方法。第四,基于对教育的技术发展史的分析,进一步明确人工智能与“自由七艺”属于同一类,是数字媒介基础上的一种从事知识生产和学习的“新工具”。第五,分析了数字媒介的两大特征,以及在“人类知识大厦的新地基”上人类知识版图正在发生的变化。最后,基于对教育变革历史的“长时段”比较分析,提出了未来教育变革的三大主题。In recent years,with the rapid development of artificial intelligence technology,the relationship between education,artificial intelligence,and the influence of artificial intelligence on the future development of education has become a hot topic of continuous discussion.Because the“subject-object”epistemological model fails to clarify the role of technology in the development of human cognitive intelligence,the discussion of artificial intelligence and education is full of myths and hype.This paper attempts to clearly define the nature of artificial intelligence and take history as a mirror to analyze the impact of artificial intelligence on the future development of education.First,it analyzes the two sources of human intelligence development and emphasizes that technology is an indispensable“technical apparatus”for human cognitive development.Second,it analyzes three storylines and two different concepts of artificial intelligence and makes clear the nature of artificial intelligence discussed here.Third,it expands the“three worlds”framework of evolutionary epistemology,differentiates two types of technology,and establishes a general methodological framework including“hard”technology and“soft”arts to deal with the knowledge of various disciplines.Fourth,based on the“long term”analysis of the history of education,it points out that artificial intelligence is a kind of arts of the digital era just like the“liberal arts”.Fifth,it analyzes the two characteristics of digital media and the changes that are taking place in the map of human knowledge.Finally,based on historical comparison,the paper puts forward three main issues for future reforms of education.

关 键 词：人的智能 人工智能 技术装置 自由七艺 进化认识论 

分 类 号：G40-057[文化科学—教育学原理]